Factors associated with dental caries, periodontitis and intra-oral lesions in individuals with HIV / AIDS^*

* Summary: The factors associated with oral diseases in this population were the same as those associated with oral diseases in the non-HIV/AIDS population.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with oral diseases in individuals with HIV/AIDS. A cross sectional study was carried out which included 312 individuals registered in the Specialized Care Services for HIV/AIDS in three municipalities of the State of Bahia: Feira de Santana, Santo Antonio de Jesus and Juazeiro, Brazil. Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics related to life style and to dental caries, periodontitis and intra-oral mucosal lesions were investigated in patients with HIV/AIDS infection. Prevalence Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval and significance level of 5% were employed for the statistical analysis. The majority of the individuals evaluated were male with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 41.5 ± 11.3 years, and a mean time of HIV infection diagnosis (± standard deviation) of 5.2 ± 4.4 years. The presence of dental caries was observed in 78.7% of the sample, periodontitis in 25.4% and 36.2% showed intra-oral lesions. Oral health status showed a statistically significant association with the following variables: gender, age, schooling level, current occupation, family income, past and current smoking, antiretroviral use time, latest viral burden dosage, latest CD4-positive T lymphocyte count, use of complete/partial dental prosthesis, need for dental prosthesis, and use of dental floss. With the exception of those factors directly related to HIV/AIDS i.e., antiretroviral use time, latest viral burden dosage and latest CD4-positive T lymphocyte count, the factors associated with oral diseases in this population were the same as those associated with oral diseases in the non-HIV/AIDS population.

KEYWORDS:

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• HIV infections
• oral manifestations
• periodontitis
• dental caries

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil and the individuals who participated in the investigation. The authors declare no conflict of interest and commercial relationships related to the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

* Summary: The factors associated with oral diseases in this population were the same as those associated with oral diseases in the non-HIV/AIDS population.