Exploring social ecological pathways from resilience to quality of life among women living with HIV in Canada

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of women living with HIV in Canada (n = 1422) (2013–2015).

Variables	Median (IQR)/N (%)	Missing (n)
Age	43 (35–50)
Immigration status		5
Canadian citizen	1153 (81.37)
Landed immigrant/permanent resident	167 (11.79)
Refugee/protected person	63 (4.45)
Temporary or undocumented person	34 (2.40)
Ethnicity
Caucasian	584 (41.07)
Aboriginal	318 (22.36)
Black/African/Caribbean	418 (29.40)
Other ethnicity	102 (7.17)
Household gross yearly income		43
Less than $20,000	901 (65.34)
$20,000–$40,000	284 (20.59)
Greater than $40,000	194 (14.07)
Marital status		8
Legally married/common-law/in a relationship	454 (32.11)
Single	689 (48.73)
Separated/divorced/widowed	271 (19.17)
Education-less than high school	227 (16.04)	7
Ever taken ART	1245 (87.74)	3
Currently taking ART	1175 (82.63)
CD4 count		261
<200 cells/mm^3	76 (6.55)
200–500 cells/mm^3	387 (33.33)
>500 cells/mm^3	698 (60.12)
Self-reported undetectable HIV viral load	1097 (84.32)	115

ART: Antiretroviral Therapy.

Table 2. Final path model parameter estimates of resilience and health-related quality of life (mental health and physical health) among women living with HIV in Canada (2013–2015). (n = 1294)*.

Parameter	Coefficient (95% CI)	Critical Ratio	P	Standardized Estimate
Resilience on
Social support	0.60 (0.50–0.69)	8.26	<0.001	0.33
Women centred health care	0.20 (0.10–0.30)	3.04	<0.001	0.09
Mental HR-QoL on
Resilience	0.92 (0.84–1.00)	15.38	<0.001	0.51
HIV disclosure concerns	−0.18 (−0.32–(−0.04))	−1.98	<0.05	−0.05
Economic insecurity	−1.27 (−1.86–(−0.68))	−4.38	<0.001	−0.11
Physical HR-QoL on
Resilience	0.39 (0.29–0.48)	6.19	<0.001	0.21
HIV disclosure concerns	−0.08 (−0.24–0.08)	−0.61	0.321	−0.02
Economic insecurity	−1.41 (−2.06–(−0.77))	−4.78	<0.001	−0.14
HIV disclosure on
Resilience	−0.06 (−0.09–(−0.03))	−2.55	<0.001	−0.09
Economic insecurity on
Resilience	−0.01 (−0.02–(0.01))	−2.75	<0.01	−0.11

SE, standard error; HR-QoL, health-related quality of life.

Note. * All results were adjusted by age, relationship status, ethnicity background, immigration status, education level and years of HIV diagnosis.

Figure 1. Final path analysis results for resilience and health-related quality of life among women living with HIV in Canada (2013–2015) (n = 1294).

Data availability statement

Data are available from the Women’s College Research Institute Women and HIV Research Programme Data Access Coordinator for researchers and students who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. The current Data Access Coordinator is Angela Underhill and she can be reached at [email protected]. The criteria for access to the confidential data includes 1) being added as a CHIWOS researcher or student to the research ethics board (REB) application and 2) signing a CHIWOS Data Sharing and Collaboration Agreement. The de-identified data set cannot be publicly shared at this point as we do not have community or REB approval to do so. Co-authorship is a requirement for data access as per the CHIWOS authorship policy (www.chiwos.ca) which includes the requirement that the ICMJE authorship criteria be met by all authors.