Applying resilience theory models to contextualize economic-dependent partnerships as a risk factor for HIV among young men who have sex with men

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample characteristics by economic-dependent partnership type, N = 374.

Variable	Total sample N = 374	Economic-dependent partnership with MAIN partner		Economic-dependent partnership with NEW partner
		None N = 259	Any N = 115	None N = 290	Any N = 84
Age, m (sd)	23.11 (2.84)	23.08 (2.79)	23.18 (2.94)	23.07 (2.76)	23.29 (3.11)
Race/Ethnicity, N (%)
Non-Hispanic Black	183 (48.9)	124 (67.8)	59 (32.2)	136 (74.3)	47 (25.7)
Non-Hispanic White	103 (27.5)	81 (78.6)	22 (21.4)	94 (91.3)	9 (8.7)
Hispanic/Latino All Races	29 (7.8)	21 (72.4)	8 (27.6)	22 (75.9)	7 (24.1)
Other/Multiple Races	59 (15.8)	33 (55.9)	26 (44.1)	38 (64.4)	21 (35.6)
Sexual Identity, N (%)
Gay/Homosexual	315 (84.2)	223 (70.8)	92 (29.2)	247 (78.4)	68 (21.6)
Bisexual	29 (7.8)	18 (62.1)	11 (37.9)	22 (75.9)	7 (24.1)
Other MSM Identity	30 (8.0)	18 (60.0)	12 (40.0)	21 (70.0)	9 (30.0)
HIV Status, N (%)
Negative	297 (79.4)	212 (71.4)	85 (28.6)	233 (78.5)	64 (21.5)
Positive	38 (10.2)	23 (60.5)	15 (39.5)	28 (73.7)	10 (26.3)
Don’t Know	39 (10.4)	259 (69.3)	15 (38.5)	29 (74.4)	10 (25.6)
Cumulative Socioeconomic Disadvantage, m (sd)	1.65 (1.48)	1.38 (1.34)	2.24 (1.59)	1.43 (1.37)	2.38 (1.60)
Education Level, N (%)
High School/GED or Less	118 (31.6)	65 (55.1)	53 (44.9)	74 (63.6)	43 (36.4)
More than High School/GED	256 (68.4)	194 (75.8)	62 (24.2)	215 (84.0)	41 (16.0)
Employment Status, N (%)
Full or Part-Time	263 (70.3)	196 (74.5)	67 (25.5)	221 (84.0)	42 (16.0)
Unemployed/Other	111 (29.7)	63 (56.8)	48 (43.2)	69 (62.2)	42 (37.8)
Poverty, N (%)
Above Federal Poverty Line	203 (54.3)	146 (71.9)	57 (28.1)	162 (79.8)	41 (20.2)
Below Federal Poverty Line	171 (45.7)	113 (66.1)	58 (33.9)	128 (74.9)	43 (25.1)
Homelessness (30 days), N (%)
0 Nights	314 (84.0)	229 (72.9)	85 (27.1)	251 (79.9)	63 (20.1)
1 or More Nights	60 (16.0)	30 (50.0)	30 (50.0)	39 (65.0)	21 (35.0)
Insurance Status, N (%)
None	218 (58.3)	172 (78.9)	46 (21.1)	185 (84.9)	33 (15.1)
Any	156 (41.7)	87 (55.8)	69 (44.2)	105 (67.3)	51 (32.7)
Cumulative Current Psychosocial Syndemic Profile, m (sd)	3.49 (1.07)	3.31 (0.95)	3.90 (1.20)	3.33 (0.97)	4.02 (1.20)
Stimulant Use (30 days), N (%)
None	327 (87.4)	241 (73.7)	86 (26.3)	265 (81.5)	62 (18.5)
Any	47 (12.6)	20 (42.6)	27 (57.4)	26 (55.3)	21 (44.7)
Depressive Symptoms, m (sd)	9.32 (5.76)	8.72 (5.57)	10.68 (5.96)	8.65 (5.51)	11.63 (6.00)
Anxiety Symptoms, m (sd)	3.61 (4.14)	3.05 (3.75)	4.83 (4.68)	3.16 (3.86)	5.16 (4.70)
Internalized Homophobia, m (sd)	5.56 (6.02)	5.26 (5.65)	6.22 (6.77)	5.21 (5.61)	6.75 (7.17)
Cumulative Promotive Factors, m (sd)	5.19 (2.05)	5.55 (2.02)	4.38 (1.88)	5.43 (2.02)	4.35 (1.95)
Self-Esteem, m (sd)	2.06 (0.58)	2.17 (0.56)	1.81 (0.53)	2.15 (0.57)	1.74 (0.49)
Life Meaning, m (sd)	1.95 (0.50)	2.04 (0.49)	1.77 (0.45)	2.01 (0.49)	1.75 (0.46)
Positive Outlook, m (sd)	3.30 (0.60)	3.41 (0.57)	3.07 (0.59)	3.39 (0.56)	3.00 (0.62)
Family Support, m (sd)	3.16 (0.70)	3.22 (0.71)	3.03 (0.65)	3.18 (0.71)	3.07 (0.64)
Friend Support, m (sd)	2.01 (0.51)	2.07 (0.50)	1.85 (0.51)	2.05 (0.51)	1.87 (0.48)

Table 2. Logistic regression models on economic-dependent partnerships with a main partner among young sexual minority men, N = 374.

Variable	Unadjusted			Compensatory model			Risk-protective model
	OR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p
Age	1.01	0.94, 1.09	0.758
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Black	REF			REF			REF
Non-Hispanic White	0.57	0.33, 1.00	0.051	0.90	0.48, 1.67	0.734	0.93	0.49, 1.74	0.810
Hispanic/Latino All Races	0.80	0.80, 1.91	0.801	1.12	0.44, 2.87	0.817	1.05	0.41, 2.72	0.918
Other/Multiple Races	1.66	0.91, 3.02	0.100	1.84	0.93, 3.61	0.079	1.92	0.97, 3.83	0.062
Sexual Identity
Gay/Homosexual	REF
Bisexual	1.48	0.67, 3.26	0.329
Other MSM Identity	1.62	0.75, 3.49	0.222
HIV Status
Negative	REF
Positive	1.63	0.81, 3.27	0.172
Don’t Know	1.56	0.78, 3.12	0.209
Cumulative Socioeconomic Disadvantage	1.49	1.28, 1.74	<0.001	1.45	1.23, 1.72	<0.001	1.56	1.30, 1.87	<0.001
Psychosocial Syndemic Profile (Z-score)	1.74	1.38, 2.19	<0.001	1.53	1.18, 1.98	0.001	2.14	1.39, 3.32	0.001
Cumulative Promotive Factors (Z-score)	0.56	0.44, 0.72	<0.001	0.66	0.50, 0.87	0.003	0.50	0.31, 0.81	0.005
SES Disadvantage*Psychosocial Syndemic Profile							0.83	0.69, 1.00	0.053
SES Disadvantage*Cumulative Promotive Factors							1.13	0.94, 1.36	0.197

Table 3. Logistic regression models on economic-dependent partnerships with a new partner among young sexual minority men, N = 374.

Variable	Unadjusted			Compensatory model			Risk-protective model
	OR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p	AOR	95% CI	p
Age	1.03	0.94, 1.12	0.531
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic Black	REF			REF			REF
Non-Hispanic White	0.28	0.13, 0.59	0.001	0.42	0.19, 0.95	0.036	0.43	0.19, 0.96	0.040
Hispanic/Latino All Races	0.92	0.37, 2.29	0.859	1.32	0.49, 3.56	0.581	1.29	0.48, 3.49	0.614
Other/Multiple Races	1.60	0.85, 3.00	0.143	1.89	0.93, 3.82	0.077	1.92	0.95, 3.91	0.071
Sexual Identity
Gay/Homosexual	REF
Bisexual	1.16	0.47, 2.82	0.750
Other MSM Identity	1.56	0.68, 3.56	0.293
HIV Status
Negative	REF
Positive	1.30	0.60, 2.82	0.506
Don’t Know	1.26	0.58, 2.71	0.563
Cumulative Socioeconomic Disadvantage	1.54	1.30, 1.83	<0.001	1.47	1.22, 1.77	<0.001	1.54	1.26, 1.88	<0.001
Psychosocial Syndemic Profile (Z-score)	1.87	1.46, 2.39	<0.001	1.67	1.26, 2.21	<0.001	1.96	1.22, 3.16	0.005
Cumulative Promotive Factors (Z-score)	0.61	0.47, 0.80	<0.001	0.72	0.53, 0.98	0.035	0.63	0.38, 1.05	0.078
SES Disadvantage*Psychosocial Syndemic Profile							0.92	0.75, 1.12	0.395
SES Disadvantage*Cumulative Promotive Factors							1.07	0.87, 1.30	0.531