Gender and ethnic differences in rates of immune reconstitution, AIDS diagnosis, and survival

ABSTRACT

In this work, we use 2011–2013 Texas HIV surveillance data (N=2,175) and apply hierarchical linear and Cox regression modeling to characterize the association of gender and race/ethnicity with rate of immune recovery and determine whether immune recovery contributes to gender and racial/ethnic disparities in AIDS diagnosis and survival. The associations between gender and rate of immune recovery and between race/ethnicity and rate of immune recovery were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the multivariate survival analyses, there was no statistically significant association between gender and AIDS diagnosis (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 1.06, p = 0.61, 95%=0.85–1.32) and between race/ethnicity and AIDS diagnosis (Blacks vs Whites: AHR = 1.10, p = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.94–1.30; Hispanics vs Whites: AHR = 1.06, p = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.91–1.24). Similarly, there were no statistically significant associations with death (males vs females: AHR = 0.88, p = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.43–1.81; Blacks vs Whites: AHR = 0.68 p = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.36–1.30; Hispanics vs Whites: AHR = 0.96, p = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.55–1.67). However, the direction of the point estimates were in the reverse direction when compared to the rate of immune recovery or the AIDS diagnosis models. Our findings suggest that differences in rate of immune recovery may better explain disparities in AIDS diagnosis than disparities in survival. Future studies with longer follow-up may potentially generate statistically significant results.

KEYWORDS:

• HIV
• AIDS
• public health surveillance
• health status disparities
• survival

Acknowledgements

SON and KHF conceptualized the study. SON designed the study. KAL and JPW provided statistical input. All authors contributed to the development of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.