Caregiver and child factors predicting HIV status disclosure among children enrolled on ART: a cross-regional study in Addis Ababa and Oromia, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Caregiver relationship to child at 6 months.

	Frequency (n)	Percent
Biological father	30	13.0
Biological mother	131	56.7
Brother	4	1.7
Grandfather/grandmother	14	6.1
Legal guardian	4	1.7
Other relative	38	16.5
Sister	10	4.3
Total	231	100.0

Table 2. Socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers at 6 and 12 months after child ART enrolment.

Caregivers characteristics	At 6 months		At 12 months
	N	%	N	%
Caregivers
Sex
Female	189	82	188	82
Male	42	18	41	18
Age (years)
17	2	1	–^a	–^a
18-24	15	6	11	5
25–34	77	33	78	34
35–44	93	40	95	41
>44	44	19	45	20
Marital status
Married	96	42	99	43
Divorcer/separated	35	15	33	14
Never married partner	37	16	37	16
Widower/widow	49	21	46	20
Cohabited	14	6	14	6
Residence
Rural	15	6	16	7
Urban	216	94	213	93
Education
College/university completed	26	11	26	11
High school completed	65	28	64	28
Grade 1–8 completed	74	32	78	34
Able to read and write	27	12	27	12
Illiterate	39	17	37	16

^a At 12 months, all caregivers were aged 18 years and above.

Table 3. Vital status of biological parents of children at 6 months.

	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Both mother and father died	32	13.9
Both father and mother alive	109	47.2
Father died	45	19.5
Mother died	45	19.5
Total	231	100.0

Table 4. Descriptive data of children at 6 months and 12 months after child ART enrolment.

Characteristics of child on ART	At 6 months		At 12 months
	N	%	n	%
Sex
Female	112	48	112	49
Male	118	52	117	51
Age (years)
6–8	54	23	54	24
≥9	177	77	175	76
WHO status
I–II	176	76	175	76
III–IV	55	24	54	24
Haemoglobin level (g/dl)
<10	6	3	15	7
≥10	225	97	178	93
CD4+ count (cells/mm^3)
<200	8	3	47	21
≥200	223	97	179	78
BAZ score
z-score < −2	31	14	31	14
2 > z-score > −2	197	86	195	86
Caregiver–child relationship
Biological family	189	82	187	82
Others	42	18	42	18
Adherence
Good	208	98	220	96
Poor	5	2	9	4
Disclosure of the child
Disclosed	66	29	97	42
Not disclosed	165	71	132	58

Table 5. Vital status of biological parents at 12 months.

	Frequency (n)	Percent
Both parents alive	109	47.6
Both parents died	32	14.0
Father died	44	19.2
Mother died	44	19.2
Total	229	100.0

Table 6. Differences in child disclosure at 6 and 12 months after child ART enrolment.

Characteristics of the participants	At 6 months			At 12 months
	Not disclosed n (%)	Disclosed n (%)	P-value	Not disclosed n (%)	Disclosed n (%)	P-value
Child age (years)			<0.001			0.005
6–8	51 (94)	3 (6)		40 (74)	14 (26)
≥ 9	114 (64)	63 (36)		92 (53)	83 (47)
Caregiver marital status			0.05			0.04
Cohabited	13 (93)	1 (7)		10 (71)	4 (29)
Currently married	67 (70)	29 (30)		54 (54)	45 (45)
Divorced/separated	29 (83)	6 (17)		26 (79)	7 (21)
Never married partner	21 (57)	16 (43)		17 (46)	20 (54)
Widowed/Widower	35 (71)	14 (29)		25 (54)	21 (46)
Caregiver residence			0.05			0.05
Rural	14 (93)	1 (7)		106 (61)	67 (39)
Urban	151 (70)	65 (30)		26 (46)	30 (54)

Table 7. Predictors of child disclosure at 6 months after child ART enrolment.

Characteristics of the participants	Child not disclosed n (%)	Child disclosed n (%)	cOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
Child age
6–8 years	51 (94)	3 (6)	Reference		Reference
≥9 years	114 (64)	63 (36)	9.4 (1.8, 31)	<0.001	8.5 (2.5, 29)	0.001
Caregiver marital status
Cohabited	13 (93)	1 (7)	Reference		Reference
Married	67 (70)	29 (30)	5.6 (0.70, 45)	0.10	4.4 (0.52, 37)	0.17
Divorced/separated	29 (83)	6 (17)	2.7 (0.29, 25)	0.38	1.9 (0.20, 18)	0.58
Never married partner	21 (57)	16 (43)	9.9 (1.2, 84)	0.035	7.3 (0.82, 65)	0.076
Widower/widowed	35 (71)	14 (29)	5.2 (0.62, 44)	0.13	4.4 (0.50, 39)	0.18
Caregiver residence
Rural	14 (93)	1 (7)	Reference		Reference
Urban	151 (70)	65 (30)	6.0 (0.78, 47)	0.086	4.2 (0.50, 35)	0.19

Table 8. Predictors of child disclosure at 12 months after child ART enrolment.

Characteristics of the participants	Child not disclosed n (%)	Child disclosed n (%)	cOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Child age (years)
6–8	40 (74)	14 (26)	Reference		Reference
≥9	92 (53)	83 (47)	2.6 (1.3, 5.1)	0.006	5.3 (1.8, 16)	0.003
Caregiver marital status
Married	54 (55)	45 (45)	Reference		Reference
Divorced/separated	26 (79)	7 (21)	0.32 (0.13, 0.81)	0.016	0.36 (0.11, 1.1)	0.08
Never married partner	17 (46)	20 (54)	1.4 (0.66, 3.0)	0.37	0.83 (0.34, 2.03)	0.69
Widower/widowed	25 (54)	21 (46)	1.0 (0.50, 2.0)	0.98	1.2 (0.55, 2.8)	0.59
Cohabited	10 (71)	4 (29)	0.48 (0.14–1.6)	0.24	0.59 (0.12, 3.0)	0.52