Treatment challenges and health conditions among people living with HIV with or without substance use disorder in the Russian Federation

Figures & data

Table 1. Adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding confidence intervals for factors associated with a report of drug use among people living with HIV in Russia, 2019 (N = 150).

		CRUDE		ADJUSTED *
		APR (95% CI)	P-value	APR (95% CI)	P-value
Age, y	<50 50+	1.87 (0.76-4.58)	0.173	1.14 (0.41-3.19)	0.798
Gender/sexual orientation	Men who have sex with men
	Men who have sex with women	8.63 (2.29-32.55)	0.001	6.02 (1.42-25.53)	0.015
	Women	4.42 (1.17-16.67)	0.028	3.17 (0.76-13.17)	0.112
	Other/unknown	3.4 (0.69-16.85)	0.134	2.82 (0.55-14.5)	0.214
Year of HIV diagnosis	2017–19
	2010–16	0.98 (0.28-3.39)	0.977	0.83 (0.24-2.91)	0.771
	Pre-2010	3.16 (1.11-8.97)	0.031	1.81 (0.56-5.88)	0.322
Domicile	Metropolitan
	Nonmetropolitan	0.72 (0.21-2.43)	0.596	0.55 (0.16-1.93)	0.351
Employment	Employed
	Non-employed	1.71 (0.67-4.37)	0.263	1.33 (0.49-3.59)	0.579

*Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were computed in a Poisson regression model, adjusting for all variables listed in the table.

Figure 1. Adjusted prevalence ratios for the relationship between self-reported substance use disorder and self-reported diagnosis of various medical conditions among people living with HIV in the Russian Federation, 2019 (N = 150).

Table 2. Percentage of people living with HIV in Russia who reported various treatment related challenges, overall and by drug use behavior, Russia, 2019 (N = 150).

	Overall (N = 150)	Self-reported Substance use disorder absent (N =128)	Self-reported Substance use disorder present (n = 22)	p-value (χ^2 test)
Psychological challenges reported in relation to treatment
Ever hidden or disguised HIV medication in past 6 m to avoid revealing status	68.0	71.9	45.5	0.0145
Would be stressed/anxious if someone they did not want seeing their HIV pills were to find them	43.3	45.3	31.8	0.2396
Reasons for which PLWHIV ever refused to share their HIV status
It has not been necessary/relevant to my daily interactions	58.0	57.0	63.6	0.5633
I was worried that they would see or treat me differently	67.3	64.8	81.8	0.1181
I was worried that they might then disclose my HIV status to others	58.0	61.7	36.4	0.0265
I was worried that I might be excluded from activities	34.0	34.4	31.8	0.8157
I was worried about being denied access to health care services	42.7	40.6	54.5	0.2242
I was worried about being denied access to financial benefits/support	13.3	10.2	31.8	0.0059
I was worried it might affect my friendships	52.7	52.3	54.5	0.8490
I was worried I might lose my job	46.0	44.5	54.5	0.3856
I was worried it might affect my romantic or sexual relationships	36.0	34.4	45.5	0.3189
I was worried about my physical safety	16.7	15.6	22.7	0.4105
I was worried about criminal prosecution	7.3	6.2	13.6	0.2211
Self-rated health
Self-reported viral suppression	82.7	85.2	68.2	0.0528
Optimal sexual health	66.0	70.3	40.9	0.0074
Optimal physical health	61.3	68.0	22.7	0.0001
Optimal overall health	62.7	68.8	27.3	0.0002
Optimal mental health	68.0	71.1	50.0	0.0509

Figure 2. Percentage of people living with HIV in Russia who reported different reasons for missing HIV medication for varying number of times in the past month, 2019 (N = 150).

Figure 3. Adjusted prevalence ratios for the relationship between self-reported substance use disorder and reasons for missing HIV medication for at least one time within the past month among people living with HIV in the Russian Federation, 2019 (N = 150).