Facing the quality of life: physical illness, anxiety, and depression symptoms among people living with HIV in rural Zambia – a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Associations between respondents’ characteristics and their self-reported HIV test results.

Variable	HIV Negative		HIV Positive		Q value	Total
	n	%	n	%		Freq	%
Age
16 - 24	610	34.4	15	9.8		625	32.5
25 - 34	450	25.4	39	25.5		489	25.4
35 - 55	712	40.2	99	64.7		811	42.1
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.001	1925	100
Gender
Male	391	22.1	20	13.1		411	21.4
Female	1381	77.9	133	86.9		1514	78.6
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.005	1925	100
Disabled
No	1270	71.7	100	65.4		1370	71.2
Yes	502	28.3	53	34.6		555	28.8
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.033	1925	100
Hunger
No	250	14.1	24	15.7		274	14.2
Rarely	357	20.1	29	19.0		386	20.1
Often	1165	65.7	100	65.4		1265	65.7
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.558	1925	100
Poverty
Moderate	495	27.9	35	22.9		530	27.5
Very poor	1269	71.6	116	75.8		1385	71.9
Missing	8	0.5	2	1.3		10	0.5
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.130	1925	100
Physical illness
No	644	36.3	42	27.5		686	35.6
Yes	1128	63.7	111	72.5		1239	64.4
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.011	1925	100
Anxious
No	1144	64,6	97	63.4		1241	64.5
Yes	618	34,9	53	34.6		671	34.9
Missing	10	0,6	3	2.0		13	0.7
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.186	1925	100
Depressed
No	1445	81.5	105	68.6		1550	80.5
Yes	321	18.1	45	29.4		366	19.0
Missing	6	0.3	3	2.0		9	0.5
Total	1772	100	153	100	0.001	1925	100

Fisher's exact test, Q values are p values adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing.

Table 2. Factors associated with self-reported physical illness, anxiety and depression symptoms among persons reporting testing HIV negative or positive (Adjusted*).

Factor	Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals), Q values
	Physically ill	Q	Anxious	Q	Depression	Q
	n = 1915	Value	n = 1911	Value	n = 1914	Value
HIV Test result
Negative	1		1		1
Positive	1.56 (1.02 - 2.39)	0.067	0.94 (0.66 - 1.33)	0.531	1.97 (1.31 - 2.94)	0.006
Age
16 - 24	1		1		1
25 - 34	0.85 (0.67 - 1.06)	0.464	1.05 (0.85 - 1.30)	0.558	0.85 (0.64 - 1.12)	0.088
35 - 55	0.91 (0.74 - 1.12)		1.02 (0.85 - 1.24)		0.76 (0.57 - 1.01)
Gender
Male	1		1		1
Female	1.08 (0.88 - 1.33)	0.464	0.91 (0.71 - 1.16)	0.454	0.92 (0.66 - 1.29)	0.524
Physically ill
No			1		1
Yes			1.40 (1.08 - 1.83)	0.025	1.27 (0.89 - 1.80)	0.189
Disabled
No	1		1		1
Yes	1.39 (1.11 - 1.76)	0.013	1.44 (1.14 - 1.82)	0.008	1.34 (1.00 - 1.80)	0.075
Hunger
No	1		1		1
Rarely	0.86 (0.54 - 1.36)	0.51	1.44 (0.89 - 2.32)	0.012	1.24 (0.72 - 2.74)	0.274
Often	0.91 (0.63 - 1.31)		1.80 (1.19 - 2.73)		1.41 (0.72 - 2.74)
Poverty
Moderate	1		1		1
Very poor	1.05 (0.76 - 1.45)	0.55	1.56 (1.15 - 2.11)	0.012	2.14 (1.34 - 3.40)	0.006

Wald test *adjusted for age, gender, reporting physical illness the past two weeks and disability status. Q values are p-values adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing. 1 = reference.

Table 3. Predictive margins for reporting being sick, experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression among persons reporting an HIV test result by disability status and gender.

Prob = probability; CI = confidence intervals
	Sick (n=1925)		Anxious (n=1912)		Depressed (n=1916)
	Prob	95% Cl	Prob	95% Cl	Prob	95% Cl
HIV negative
Not Disabled (Male)	0.60	(0.55 - 0.66)	0.33	(0.27 - 0.39)	0.17	(0.12 - 0.22)
Not Disabled (Female)	0.62	(0.59 - 0.65)	0.32	(0.28 - 0.36)	0.17	(0.14 - 0.20)
Disabled (Male)	0.68	(0.62 - 0.74)	0.43	(0.35 - 0.51)	0.22	(0.16 - 0.29)
Disabled (Female)	0.69	(0.64 - 0.73)	0.42	(0.36 - 0.48)	0,22	(0.17 - 0.27)
HIV positive
Not Disabled (Male)	0.70	(0.59 - 0.80)	0.32	(0.23 - 0.41)	0.29	(0.17 - 0.40)
Not Disabled (Female)	0.71	(0.62 - 0.80)	0.31	(0.23 - 0.39)	0.28	(0.20 - 0.37)
Disabled (Male)	0.76	(0.67 - 0.85)	0.42	(0.32 - 0.52)	0.37	(0.25 - 0.49)
Disabled (Female)	0.77	(0.69 - 0.85)	0.41	(0.31 - 0.50)	0.36	(0.27 - 0.44)

Data availability statement

Because the data set contains unique identifiers and participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, supporting data is not available.