Predictors of treatment interruption among patients on antiretroviral therapy in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria: outcomes after 12 months

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive patients initiated on ART at 22 facilities, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria, January–March 2019.

Variable	Category	N (%)	Outcome within 12 months on ART
			Ever interrupted treatment^1 n = 544	Continuously on ART n = 641	p-value
Sex	Male	356 (30.0%)	169 (47.5%)	187 (52.5%)
	Female	829 (70.0%)	375 (45.2%)	454 (54.8%)	0.584
Age	15–29	493 (41.6%)	255 (51.7%)	238 (48.3%)
	30–49	576 (48.6%)	245 (42.5%)	331 (57.5%)	0.001
	50+	116 (9.8%)	44 (37.9%)	72 (62.1%)
Highest educational qualification	None	63 (5.3%)	19 (30.2%)	44 (69.8%)
	Primary	223 (18.8%)	73 (32.7%)	150 (67.3%)
	Secondary	370 (31.2%)	161 (43.5%)	209 (56.5%)	<0.001
	Post-secondary	529 (44.6%)	291 (55.0%)	238 (45.0%)
Marital status	Single	352 (35%)	174 (49.4%)	178 (50.6)
	Married	603 (60%)	262 (43.4%)	341 (56.6%)	0.006
	Separated	14 (1%)	8 (57.1%)	6 (42.9%)
	Widowed	38 (4%)	10 (26.3%)	28 (73.7%)
	Missing = 178
Care entry point	Outpatient	504 (43%)	227 (45.0%)	290 (57.5%)
	PMTCT	82 (7%)	41 (50.0%)	41 (50.0%)
	Outreach	153 (13%)	115 (75.2%)	38 (24.8%)	<0.001
	VCT	406 (34%)	151 (37.2%)	255 (62.8%)
	Transfer-in	27 (2%)	10 (37.0%)	17 (63.0%)
Regimen at ART commencement	TDF+3TC + DTG	534 (45.1%)	240 (44.9%)	294 (55.1%)
	TDF+3TC + EFV	641 (54.1%)	298 (46.5%)	343 (53.5%)	0.468
	Others	10 (0.8%)	6 (60.0%)	4 (40.0%)
Has client disclosed status to anyone?	No	745 (62.9%)	412 (55.3%)	333 (44.7%)
	Yes	440 (37.1%)	132 (30.0%)	308 (70.0%)	0.088
	Missing = 180
Does client have a treatment supporter?	No	735 (62.0%)	393 (53.5%)	342 (46.5%)
	Yes	450 (38.0%)	151 (33.6%)	299 (66.4%)	0.071
	Missing = 1185
Assigned to peer counselor?	No	197 (16.6%)	142 (72.1%)	55 (27.9%)
	Yes	988 (83.4%)	402 (40.7%)	586 (59.3%)	0.01
Residential distance from ART center	Within LGA	964 (81.4%)	426 (44.2%)	538 (55.8%)
	Outside LGA	221 (18.6%)	118 (53.4%)	103 (46.6%)	0.016
Reported OI at last clinic visit	No	599 (51.1%)	259 (43.2%)	340 (56.8%)
	Yes	573 (48.9%)	279 (48.7%)	294 (51.3%)	0.232
	Missing = 13
Clients’ ART site category	Tier 1	766 (64.6%)	395 (51.6%)	371 (48.4%)
	Tier 2	198 (16.7%)	89 (44.9%)	109 (55.1%)	<0.001
	Tier 3	221 (18.6%)	60 (27.1%)	161 (72.9%)

Note: *p-value based on Kaplan – Meier survival analysis; ¹At least one episode of a client interrupting treatment.

Figure 1. Outcomes after 12 months among PLHIV started on ART January to March 2019.

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier 12-month retention probabilities for PLHIV initiated on ART January to March 2019.

Table 2. Analysis of factors associated with treatment interruption in HIV-positive patients on ART in Akwa Ibom January–March 2019.

Characteristics		HR (95% CI)	p_value	aHR (95% CI)	p_value
Sex	Male	1		1
	Female	1.097 (0.899–1.339)	0.362	1.097 (0.898–1.340)	0.365
Age	15–29	1	1
	30–49	0.788 (0.652–0.952)	0.014*	0.783 (0.572–1.073)	0.128
	≥50	0.716 (0.512–1.002)	0.052	0.706 (0.359–1.390)	0.341
Residence	Within LGA	1	1
	Outside LGA	1.265 (1.027–1.558)	0.027*	1.265 (1.027–1.558)	0.027*
Highest educational qualification	None	1		1
	Primary	1.106 (0.663–1.846)	0.700	1.106 (0.663–1.846)	0.699
	Secondary	1.425 (0.880–2.310)	0.150	1.426 (0.880–2.311)	0.150
	Post-Secondary	1.660 (1.018–2.708)	0.042*	1.661 (1.018–2.710)	0.042*
Regimen at ART initiation	TDF+3TC + DTG	1	1
	TDF+3TC + EFV	1.076 (0.896–1.244)	0.433	1.077 (0.896 - 1.294)	0.432
	Others	2.245 (0.985–5.117)	0.054	2.248 (0.985–5.133)	0.054
Assigned peer counselor	Yes	1	1
	no	1.670 (1.336–2.088)	<0.001*	1.669 (1.35–2.088)	<0.001*
Care entry point	OPD	1	1
	PMTCT	0.964 (0.678–1.372)	0.840	0.965 (0.678–1.373)	0.842
	Outreach	0.821 (0.663–1.015)	0.069	0.821 (0.663–1.015)	0.069
	VCT	1.819 (1.408–2.349)	<0.001*	1.819 (1.407–2.352)	<0.001*
	Transfer-in	0.626 (0.330–1.190)	0.153	0.627 (0.330–1.190)	0.153
Clients’ ART site category	Tier 1	1	1
	Tier 2	0.991 (0.767–1.280)	0.945	0.991 (0.767–1.280)	0.945
	Tier 3	0.569 (0.423–0.766)	<0.001*	0.570 (0.423–0.767)	<0.001*

*Cox regression model with significant p-value <0.05.