Geographic variation in 5-year mortality following HIV diagnosis: implications for clinical interventions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Spatial cluster of lower mortality. (A) Distribution of small area layer centroids of study participants throughout KwaZulu-Natal. (B) Lower mortality cluster in relation to the greater Durban area.

Table 1. Small Area Layer Characteristics.

Characteristics, median [IQR] or n (%)	In Low Mortality Cluster (n = 90)	Not In Low Mortality Cluster (n = 1053)	p-value
Age, years	24.0 [23.0–25.0]	25.0 [23.0–27.0]	<0.001
Median bedrooms per household	3.0 [2.0–4.0]	4.0 [2.0–5.0]	<0.001
Percent Black African	99.2 [66.8–99.5]	99.4 [86.7–99.8]	0.007
Percent female	52.0 [50.8–53.2]	51.4 [49.5–53.1]	0.013
Percent no school past age 20	4.0 [3.0–7.0]	3.0 [1.0–5.0]	<0.001
Percent no school at all	4.0 [3.0–7.0]	3.0 [1.0–5.0]	<0.001
Percent earning >3,200 ZAR/month	5.1 [3.5–6.9]	9.2 [5.3–18.7]	<0.001
Percent employed	38.7 [31.3–45.3]	41.0 [30.3–51.1]	0.143
Main household type
Formal	90 (100.0)	967/1046 (92.5)	0.063
Informal	0 (0.0)	40/1046 (3.8)
Traditional	0 (0.0)	37/1046 (3.5)
Other	0 (0.0)	2/1046 (0.2)
Main cooking method
Electricity	90 (100.0)	1012/1046 (96.8)	0.221
Wood	0 (0.0)	25/1046 (2.4)
Paraffin	0 (0.0)	9/1046 (0.9)
Main heating method
Electricity	90 (100.0)	995/1046 (95.1)	0.332
Wood	0 (0.0)	40/1046 (3.8)
Paraffin	0 (0.0)	7/1046 (0.7)
Coal	0 (0.0)	2/1046 (0.2)
Gas	0 (0.0)	2/1046 (0.2)
Main lighting method
Electricity	90 (100.0)	1008/1046 (96.4)	0.184
Candles	0 (0.0)	37/1046 (3.5)
Paraffin	0 (0.0)	1/1046 (0.1)
Piped water
Piped (tap) water inside dwelling/institution	43 (47.8)	712/1051 (67.8)	<0.001
Piped (tap) water inside yard	16 (17.8)	256/1051 (24.4)
Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance less than 200 m from dwelling/institution	30 (33.3)	52/1051 (5)
Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance between 200 and 500 m from dwelling/institution	1 (1.1)	14/1051 (1.3)
Piped (tap) water on community stand: distance greater than 1000 m (1 km) from dwelling/institution	0 (0.0)	6/1051 (0.6)
No access to piped (tap) water	0 (0.0)	11/1051 (1.1)
Refuse
Removed by local authority/private company at least once a week	66 (73.3)	921/1046 (88.1)	0.005
Removed by local authority/private company less often	4 (4.4)	5/1046 (0.5)
Own refuse dump	20 (22.2)	106/1046 (10.1)
Communal refuse dump	0 (0.0)	2/1046 (0.2)
No rubbish disposal/Other	0 (0.0)	12/1046 (1.1)
Toilet
Flush toilet (sewage system)	41 (45.6)	783/1046 (74.9)	<0.001
Flush toilet (septic tank)	8 (8.9)	57/1046 (5.5)
Chemical toilet	24 (26.7)	59/1046 (5.6)
Pit toilet with ventilation	3 (3.3)	67/1046 (6.4)
Pit toilet without ventilation	11 (12.2)	51/1046 (4.9)
Bucket toilet/None/Other	3 (3.3)	29/1046 (2.8)

Data availability statement

The data supporting this study's findings are available from the corresponding author (IVB) upon reasonable request.