Exposure to combat and deployment; reviewing the military context in The Netherlands

Figures & data

Table 1. Exposure to combat-related stressors (n = 780), a population of Dutch ISAF soldiers in Uruzgan, period 2006–2008. Data obtained as part of the PRISMO study (see Van der Wal et al., 2019).

	Item experienced
Item	n	%
Enemy fire	483	61.9
Witnessed people suffering	460	59.0
Witnessed wounded	367	47.1
Colleague injured or killed	350	44.9
Incoming fire	302	38.7
Witnessed dead	287	36.8
Rejected by locals	261	33.5
Personal danger	230	29.5
Witnessed others injured/ killed	156	20.0
Heard people screaming	153	19.6
Insufficient means to intervene	133	17.1
Mission experienced as useless	105	13.5
Insufficient control over situation	104	13.3
Memories of earlier deployments	94	12.1
Held at gunpoint	37	4.7
Physical injuries	19	2.4
Colleague held hostage	3	0.4
Held hostage	0	0

Van der Wal, S., Gorter, R., Reijnen, A., Geuze, S., & Vermetten, E. (2019). Cohort Profile: The prospective research in stress-related military operations (PRISMO) study in the Dutch armed forces. BMJ Open, 9, e026670. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026670

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