The REED typology: understanding market-orientation and instrumental values in cultural policy across Europe

Figures & data

Table 1. Models of European cultural policy (Rius-Ulldemolins et al., 2019).

Model	Nation-States
Liberal	United Kingdom, Ireland
Central-Western European	Austria, Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland
Nordic	Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland
South-Western European	France, Portugal, Italy, Spain
Central-Eastern European	Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary
South-Eastern	Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece

Figure 1. Heatmap of the relative centrality of market-orientation within European cultural policy assemblages (2014–2020).

Table 2. Market-orientation vector scores for European Nation-states.

	V 1	V 2	V 3	V 4	V 5	V 6	V 7	V 8	Total
Austria	2	2	0	1	1	2	1	1	10
Belgium	1	2	1	1	0	1	2	−2	6
Bulgaria	1	2	0	−1	0	−1	1	−1	1
Croatia	−1	2	0	1	0	1	0	−1	2
Cyprus	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	3
Czech Republic	0	−1	0	1	0	1	1	1	3
Denmark	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	7
Estonia	2	−1	0	1	1	−1	1	0	3
Finland	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	−1	5
France	1	2	1	1	1	1	0	−2	5
Germany	1	2	1	2	1	1	1	−2	7
Greece	1	1	1	0	1	1	−1	1	5
Hungary	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	−1	3
Ireland	1	1	2	1	2	2	2	1	12
Italy	0	2	0	0	1	2	0	0	5
Latvia	1	1	0	2	2	−1	2	−2	5
Lithuania	1	2	−1	1	1	1	2	−2	5
Luxembourg	1	2	0	1	1	2	1	−1	7
Malta	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	6
Netherlands	1	2	1	1	1	2	1	−1	8
Norway	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	3
Poland	0	1	1	2	1	1	1	−1	6
Portugal	0	2	0	1	1	1	0	1	6
Romania	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	−1	5
Slovakia	1	−1	0	1	0	1	0	0	2
Slovenia	−1	1	−1	1	0	0	1	1	2
Spain	1	2	0	1	0	2	1	−1	6
Sweden	0	−1	0	0	1	1	1	1	3
Switzerland	2	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	9
United Kingdom	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	15

Key: V1: Privatisation; V2: Tax Regimes; V3: Public Value; V4: Social Policy Objectives; V5: Economic Policy Objectives; V6: Deregulation; V7: Creative Economy; V8: Limited Labour Market Intervention.

Figure 2. Total market-orientation scores across European cultural policy assemblages (2014–2020).

Table 3. The REED typology and associated nation-states.

Cultural policy architype	European Nation-states
Resistant	Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Cyprus, Estonia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Sweden, Norway
Emergent	Romania, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, France, Italy, Finland
Established	Poland, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Malta, Germany, Luxembourg, Denmark
Dominant	Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, UK

Figure 3. Example radial graphs for each of the REED cultural policy models.

Figure 4. Instrumental value attribution (scores 0–3, value scores are stacked within clusters).

Figure 5. Average prioritisation of civic cultural values across the REED cultural policy hierarchy.

Figure 6. Average prioritisation of politico-economic instrumental values across the REED cultural policy hierarchy.

Rius-Ulldemolins, K., Pizzi, A., & Rubio Arostegui, J.A. (2019). European models of cultural policy: Towards European convergence in public spending and cultural participation? Journal of European Integration, 41(8), 1045–1067. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1645844

 Google Scholar