Epidemiological studies of atomic bomb radiation at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of LSS subjects by sex, age at bombings, and distance from hypocenters.

Figure 2. Cumulative number of unique responders to mailed questionnaire surveys for lifestyle factors and other information in the LSS subjects.

Table 1. Distribution of survivors’ weighted, truncated, adjusted colon dose estimates with a neutron weight of 10.

Dose category	Hiroshima	Nagasaki	Total
Not-in-city	20,227	6353	26,580
<5 (mGy)	21,790	17,234	39,024
5−	17,105	5902	23,007
50−	5644	1025	6669
100−	6385	1272	7657
250−	3796	950	4746
500−	2295	1091	3386
1000−	1132	551	1683
2000+	386	162	548
Unknown	3454	3567	7021
Total	82,214	38,107	120,321

Cited from Cullings et al. 2017, Table 6.

TABLE 2. Comparison of risk of all solid cancer in recent reports.

Report	LSS 13 (2003)^a	LSS 14 (2012)^b	Incidence Report (2007)^c	Incidence Report (2017)^d
Outcome	Mortality	Mortality	Incidence	Incidence
Period	1950–1997	1950–2003	1958–1998	1958–2009
Person-years	3,062,046	3,294,210	2,764,730	3,079,484
No. of outcomes	9335	10,929	17,448	22,538
Not-in-city subjects	Excluded	Excluded	Included with indicator	Included with indicator
Dosimetry	DS86	DS02	DS02	DS02R1
ERR/Gy for full range	0.47	0.42	0.47	0.50
% increase in ERR per ten-year increase of age at exposure	−31%	−29%	−17%	−19%
Change in ERR with attained age [coefficient of power]	−0.70	−0.86	−1.65	−1.57
Lowest dose range with significant risk	0.12 Gy (p < .1)	0.20 Gy (p < .05)	0.15 Gy (p < .1)	0.10 Gy (p = .038)
Threshold (upper limit of confidence interval)	No evidence for a threshold	0.0 Gy (0.15 Gy at 97.5 percentile)	0.04 Gy (0.085 Gy at 95 percentile)	F: 0.08 Gy (0.2 Gy at 95 percentile) M: 0.75 Gy

ERR/Gy indicates sex-average value for a person at age 70 years who was exposed at age 30 by a linear model. F: Females, M: Males, Lower limit of confidence interval of threshold included zero in all reports. Not-in-city subjects were not included in mortality studies but in incidence studies. ERR/Gy and effect modification by age at exposure and attained age were not adjusted for smoking (Grant et al. 2017).

Reference: ^aPreston et al. 2003; ^bOzasa et al. 2012; ^cPreston et al. 2007; ^dGrant et al. 2017.

Cullings HM, Grant EJ, Egbert SD, Watanabe T, Oda T, Nakamura F, Yamashita T, Fuchi H, Funamoto S, Marumo K, et al. 2017. DS02R1: Improvements to atomic bomb survivors' input data and implementation of Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) and resulting changes in estimated doses. Health Phys. 11:56–97.

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Grant EJ, Brenner A, Sugiyama H, Sakata R, Sadakane A, Utada M, Cahoon EK, Milder CM, Soda M, Cullings HM, et al. 2017. Solid cancer incidence among the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958-2009. Radiat Res. 187:513–537.

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Preston DL, Shimizu Y, Pierce DA, Suyama A, Mabuchi K. 2003. Studies of mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 13: Solid cancer and noncancer disease mortality: 1950-1997. Radiat Res. 160:381–407.

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Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, Kasagi F, Soda M, Grant EJ, Sakata R, Sugiyama H, Kodama K. 2012. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, Report 14, 1950-2003: an overview of cancer and noncancer diseases. Radiat Res. 177:229–243.

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Preston DL, Ron E, Tokuoka S, Funamoto S, Nishi N, Soda M, Mabuchi K, Kodama K. 2007. Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1998. Radiat Res. 168:1–64.

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