2,547
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Reexamining the role of tissue inflammation in radiation carcinogenesis: a hypothesis to explain an earlier onset of cancer

Pages 1341-1351 | Received 19 Oct 2020, Accepted 30 Jun 2021, Published online: 26 Jul 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1. The growth of implanted tumor cells is influenced by their microenvironment. (A) Tumor growth becomes more robust when mouse hind limbs were irradiated prior to the transplantation of Hca-1 tumor cells. In this experiment, a 5 Gy-exposure which was given 3 days earlier yielded better growth when compared with an irradiation given one day earlier (Lee et al. Citation2014). (B) Chemotherapy-generated tumor cell debris stimulates tumor growth. A subthreshold inoculum (1 × 104) of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were co-transplanted along with variable numbers of cisplatin-induced LLC debris (Sulciner et al. Citation2018).

Figure 1. The growth of implanted tumor cells is influenced by their microenvironment. (A) Tumor growth becomes more robust when mouse hind limbs were irradiated prior to the transplantation of Hca-1 tumor cells. In this experiment, a 5 Gy-exposure which was given 3 days earlier yielded better growth when compared with an irradiation given one day earlier (Lee et al. Citation2014). (B) Chemotherapy-generated tumor cell debris stimulates tumor growth. A subthreshold inoculum (1 × 104) of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were co-transplanted along with variable numbers of cisplatin-induced LLC debris (Sulciner et al. Citation2018).

Figure 2. A simplified schema depicting radiation-induced damage and the subsequent development of an inflammatory microenvironment. Circled factors indicate major contributing factors to inflammation. IR: ionizing radiation; iNOS: inducible NO synthetase; NO: nitric oxide; casp3: caspase 3; iPLA2: inducible plasminogen activator 2; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; cGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase; STING: stimulator of interferon genes.

Figure 2. A simplified schema depicting radiation-induced damage and the subsequent development of an inflammatory microenvironment. Circled factors indicate major contributing factors to inflammation. IR: ionizing radiation; iNOS: inducible NO synthetase; NO: nitric oxide; casp3: caspase 3; iPLA2: inducible plasminogen activator 2; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; cGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase; STING: stimulator of interferon genes.