Association between menopause and occupational burnout in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow-chart of selection of participants included in the analysis.

Table 1. Summary information on independent variables, including socio-demographics, behavioral and work-related characteristics of the sample.

Variable	N (%) or mean ± SD
Age, mean ± SD	51.14 ± 5.55
Marital Status
Married	116 (54.98%)
Other (Single, widowed, divorced)	95 (45.02%)
Education level
Higher education	69 (32.7%)
Specialized secondary education	128 (60.66%)
Other	14 (6.64%)
Having chronic disease (not severe)
Yes	90 (44.78%)
No	111 (55.22%)
Alcohol intake
Yes	32 (15.46%)
No	175 (84.54%)
Job position
Clinical (Doctors, nurses)	125 (60.39%)
Non-clinical (administration, service staff)	82 (39.61%)
Work experience
≤5 years	28 (13.4%)
6–20 years	50 (23.92%)
21+ years	131 (62.68%)
% of work dealing with patients
0–25%	59 (29.06%)
50–75%	79 (38.92%)
100%	65 (32.02%)
Working hours per week
<40 hours	62 (29.81%)
40–60 hours	104 (50%)
>60 hours	42 (20.19%)
Having night shifts
Yes	89 (42.18%)
No	122 (57.82%)
Having lunch breaks
Yes	178 (83.96%)
No	34 (16.04%)
Affiliated department
Surgery	43 (29.45%)
Internal Medicine	53 (36.3%)
Other*	50 (34.25%)
Having another job
Yes	22 (10.48%)
No	188 (89.52%)
Having management duties
Yes	59 (28.64%)
No	147 (71.36%)
Generally satisfied with job
Yes	147 (71.36%)
No	59 (28.64%)
Satisfied with salary
Yes	76 (36.71%)
No	131 (63.29%)
Satisfied with work environment
Yes	172 (82.69%)
No	36 (17.1%)
Menopause status
Premenopause	106 (54.08%)
Postmenopause	90 (45.92%)
Disengagement score, mean ± SD	2.15 ± 0.44
Presence of disengagement
Yes	140 (63.9%)
No	79 (36.1%)
Exhaustion score, mean ± SD	2.31 ± 0.4
Presence of exhaustion
Yes	142 (61.7%)
No	88 (38.3%)
Presence of both disengagement and exhaustion
Having both	103 (48.4%)
Having only one	61 (28.6%)
Absence of both	49 (23%)
I am given supportive feedback on the work I do
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	57 (31.84%)
Most of the time/Always	122 (68.16%)
I can talk to my line manager about something that has annoyed or upset me
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	85 (48.02%)
Most of the time/Always	92 (51.98%)
I get help and support from my colleagues
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	58 (33.14%)
Most of the time/Always	117 (66.86%)

*Laboratory, pathology, genetics, and radiology departments.

Table 2. Associations between independent variables and the outcomes of prevalence of disengagement and exhaustion.

Variable	Prevalence of Disengagement	p-value	Prevalence of Exhaustion	p-value
Age, mean difference (Presence – Absence)	−1.424	0.074	1.134	0.154
Marital Status		0.873		0.661
Married	61.11		60.34
Other	62.22		57.3
Education level		0.151		0.962
Higher education	53.73		60.29
Specialized secondary education	66.67		58.54
Other	50		57.14
Having chronic disease		0.504		0.456
Yes	58.82		61.36
No	63.55		56.07
Alcohol intake		0.919		0.234
Yes	62.07		70
No	61.08		58.48
Job position		0.911		0.417
Clinical (Doctors, nurses)	61.54		61.98
Non-clinical (administration, service staff)	62.34		56.25
Work experience		0.787		0.023
≤5 years	55.56		46.43
6–20 years	61.36		48.98
21+ years	62.7		67.46
% of work dealing with patients		0.68		0.173
0–25%	58.93		49.12
50–75%	65.38		63.64
100%	59.32		63.49
Working hours per week		0.992		0.386
<40 hours	62.5		52.46
40–60 hours	61.62		61.39
>60 hours	62.5		65
Having night shifts		0.501		0.531
Yes	63.86		56.47
No	59.13		60.83
Having lunch breaks		0.109		0.551
Yes	58.93		60.12
No	74.19		54.55
Affiliated department		0.034		0.287
Surgery	76.92		73.81
Internal Medicine	67.92		62.26
Other	51.02		58.33
Having another job		0.812		0.249
Yes	59.09		47.62
No	61.71		60.66
Having management duties		0.407		0.179
Yes	56.9		52.63
No	63.24		62.94
Generally satisfied with job		0.091		0.013
Yes	56.52		53.9
No	69.64		72.88
Satisfied with salary		<0.001		0.007
Yes	43.84		46.67
No	72.36		65.87
Satisfied with work environment		0.475		0.049
Yes	61.11		56.29
No	67.65		74.29
Menopause status		0.838		0.222
Premenopause	60.61		54.9
Postmenopause	62.07		63.64
I am given supportive feedback on the work I do		0.04		0.034
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	72.73		70.18
Most of the time/Always	56.41		53.39
I can talk to my line manager about something that has annoyed or upset me		0.097		0.523
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	68.67		61.45
Most of the time/Always	56.32		56.67
I get help and support from my colleagues		0.028		0.015
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	73.21		70.69
Most of the time/Always	55.75		51.33

Figure 2. Prevalence of disengagement and exhaustion by menopause status.

Table 3. Analysis of association between independent variables and prevalence of disengagement and exhaustion stratified by menopause status.

Variable	Prevalence of Disengagement		p-value	Prevalence of Exhaustion		p-value
	Premenopause	Postmenopause		Premenopause	Postmenopause
Marital Status			0.349			0.341
Married	57.89	64.29		54.84	69.77
Other	64.29	60		55	57.78
Education level			0.362			0.636
Higher education	60	48.39		60	59.38
Specialized secondary education	62.96	70.59		54.39	62.75
Other	50	50		40	100
Having chronic disease			0.744			0.479
Yes	59.38	60		51.52	68.63
No	61.54	65.71		53.85	60
Alcohol intake			0.224			0.243
Yes	68.18	42.86		71.43	57.14
No	58.11	63.75		51.28	65
Job position			0.07			0.43
Clinical (Doctors, nurses)	58.06	65.31		56.25	71.43
Non-clinical (administration, service staff)	63.89	58.33		54.05	54.05
Work experience			0.306			0.449
≤5 years	61.11	50		47.37	37.5
6–20 years	50	78.57		42.31	66.67
21+ years	64.29	60		65.45	66.15
% of work dealing with patients			0.38			0.555
0–25%	65.38	51.72		44.44	55.17
50–75%	63.16	66.67		61.11	61.76
100%	54.55	68		58.33	75
Working hours per week			0.1			0.416
<40 hours	56.25	71.43		45.45	60.87
40–60 hours	66.67	56		63.04	62
>60 hours	55	78.57		57.14	69.23
Having night shifts			0.279			0.33
Yes	57.14	70.97		50	67.74
No	63.16	57.14		58.62	61.4
Having lunch breaks			0.306			0.513
Yes	58.14	60.56		55.68	63.38
No	76.92	68.75		50	64.71
Affiliated department			0.271			0.523
Surgery	64.71	88.89		63.16	78.95
Internal Medicine	66.67	69.57		66.67	56.52
Other	54.55	48.15		57.14	59.26
Having another job			0.04			0.262
Yes	75	40		54.55	40
No	58.14	65.79		55.56	66.23
Having management duties			0.385			0.211
Yes	58.82	52.38		53.13	47.62
No	60.32	67.19		55.88	70.77
Generally satisfied with job			0.259			0.652
Yes	58.57	54.1		49.3	57.38
No	61.54	80		70.37	76.92
Satisfied with salary			0.868			0.769
Yes	43.24	42.42		43.59	46.88
No	71.67	75.47		61.67	72.22
Satisfied with work environment			0.633			0.197
Yes	59.76	60.56		53.57	59.15
No	64.71	78.57		61.11	92.86
I am given supportive feedback on the work I do			0.101			0.86
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	64.29	81.82		65.52	69.57
Most of the time/Always	58.62	55.36		49.15	58.93
I can talk to my line manager about something that has annoyed or upset me			0.378			0.476
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	63.41	72.97		51.22	67.57
Most of the time/Always	60.47	53.66		57.78	57.14
I get help and support from my colleagues			0.191			0.113
Never/Sometimes/Neutral	71.43	73.91		68.97	66.67
Most of the time/Always	52.63	59.26		44.64	60

*P-values are from the Likelihood ratio test comparing Logistic regression models with and without interaction term.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, NK, upon reasonable request.