Biocontrol of broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche foetida Poir. ) by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Bf7-9 from the faba bean rhizosphere

Abstract

Bacteria of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.)/Orobanche spp. root environment were evaluated for their potential use as biocontrol agents for the parasitic weed. Bacteria were isolated mainly from the rhizosphere of faba bean as well as from diseased Orobanche underground structures and an Orobanche-suppressive soil from three districts of northern Tunisia. Out of 351 bacterial isolates, 337 were tested for pathogenicity in an inverted pyramidal-shape screening programme including a Lactuca sativa L. seedlings bioassay, root-chamber and pot experiments. In pre-selection screening on L. sativa seedlings, 37 isolates (11%) showed a strong growth inhibitory effect, of which 70 and 84% also had a significant suppressive activity on the pre-emergence structures of O. foetida and O. crenata, respectively, in root-chamber experiments. Among five bacterial isolates selected for pot trials, strain Bf7-9 of Pseudomonas fluorescens showed high biocontrol activity against both species of Orobanche and positively influenced faba bean growth. The bacterium reduced shoot emergence of O. crenata and O. foetida by 64 and 76% and their dry weight by 39 and 63%, respectively, compared with non-inoculated controls. Pseudomonas marginalis strain Nc1-2 exhibited also a tendency to reduce incidence of O. crenata and to improve faba bean performance. Results of the present study suggest that application of naturally occurring rhizosphere bacteria offers an additional approach for biocontrol of Orobanche spp. that can supplement current methods of control in an integrated weed management strategy.

Keywords:

• L. sativa bioassay
• Orobanche crenata
• Orobanche foetida
• Pseudomonas
• rhizobacteria
• Tunisia

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the ‘Zentrale Forschungsförderung (ZFF)’ of the University of Kassel, as well as the Eiselen Foundation, Ulm, Germany for financial support. Thanks are also extended to different institutions in Tunisia (INAT, INGREF and CRDAs of the districts of Nabeul, Beja and Bizerte) for their assistance in the field surveys. The expert assistance of R. Braukmann (Greenhouse for Tropical Crops in Kassel Witzenhausen) in greenhouse-related work and of Mrs A. Nilgen (Institute for Plant Diseases, University of Bonn) in fatty acid analysis is highly appreciated.