Muslim employees within ‘white’ organizations: the case of Moroccan workers in the Netherlands

Figures & data

Table 1. Overview of respondents.

Name*	Gender	Age	Degree	Job function	Industry	Generation***
Abdelkader	M	28	Master	Family doctor	Healthcare	2nd
Faouaz	M	34	Master	Tax Lawyer	Finance	2nd
Hajjar	F	25	Bachelor	Coach	Telecom	2nd
Hanane	F	30	Master	Fsamily doctor	Healthcare	1st
Kaoutar	F	30	Master	Lawyer	Legal	2nd
Kenza	F	30	Bachelor	Teacher	Education	2nd
Mustapha**	M	38	Bachelor	Project manager	Government	1st
Naima**	F	26	Bachelor	Debt counselor	Government	2nd
Najat**	F	37	Bachelor	Director	Education	2nd
Nasim**	M	50	Bachelor	Head of IT	Research	1st
Nassira	F	36	Bachelor	Civil servant	Government	1st
Soumia**	F	30	Bachelor	Controller	Finance	1st
Tarik	M	34	Bachelor	IT Professional	ICT	2nd
Younes	M	43	Bachelor	Consultant	ICT	1st
Zeyneb	F	33	Bachelor	Counselor	Healthcare	1st
Zinédine**	M	43	Bachelor	IT Professional	ICT	1st

* To ensure anonymity, all names are pseudonyms.

** We used and analyzed quotes of these respondents in the findings section.

*** We follow the definition of the Central Bureau of Statistics in the Netherlands: First-generation allochtons are persons born abroad with at least one parent born abroad. Second-generation allochtons are persons born in the Netherlands with at least one parent born abroad.

Table 2. Overview of Islamic practices, white structures, and illustrative quotes regarding employee’s identity work.

Islamic practice	Structure and identity regulation	Agency and identity work
Halal food and non-alcoholic drinks	Social gatherings and alcohol	‘Also within such occasions you have the freedom to be yourself’. (Zinédine, 43, m)
	Lunches/dinners and Halal food
Ramadan and holidays	Christian vs. Muslim holidays	‘So then you start to negotiate, to compromise, it is accepted’. (Najat, 37, f)
	Participating in Ramadan
Prayers	(lack of) Prayer room	‘There is space for others, but you have to make it yourself. Don’t expect that there is a manager who will think about your needs for a prayer room’. (Mustapha, 38, m)
	Time flexibility
Wearing a headscarf	White employee norm and dress Colleague reactions	‘I think that many would find it very strange. That they will think why are you suddenly wearing a headscarf?’. (Soumia, 30, f)
	Failed job application