Development of UASB–DHS system for anaerobically-treated tofu processing wastewater treatment under ambient temperature

ABSTRACT

Tofu is widely processed in East and Southeast Asian countries. During the production, highly polluted wastewater is discharged. This wastewater is commonly treated using a high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment process; however, several organic compounds and nitrogen remain in the anaerobic effluent. The aim of this study was to develop a combined upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and downflow hanging sponge (DHS) biosystem that that serves as a post-treatment for an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor used for treating tofu-processing wastewater in Japan for 699 days. The UASB reactor played a role in treating of COD, with 58 ± 16% and 74 ± 20% of total COD and soluble COD removed anaerobically. Besides, methane was recovered from removed soluble COD were 63 ± 28% and 87 ± 64% at winter and summer. Meanwhile, the DHS reactor showed its potential in treatment of BOD and TSS. The final effluents were recorded as 67 ± 38 mg L⁻¹, 50 ± 26 mg L⁻¹, and 22 ± 16 mg L⁻¹ of total COD, BOD and total suspended solids, respectively. This indicates that the proposed UASB-DHS system has proven its suitability as post-treatment system for anaerobically treated tofu-processing wastewater.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Post-treatment
• anaerobic–aerobic wastewater treatment system
• tofu
• temperature
• SDG6

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Takashi Yamaguchi, upon reasonable request.