New group memberships formed after an acquired brain injury and posttraumatic growth: A prospective study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Pathways through which social group memberships can influence adjustment to an ABI, as hypothesized by SIMIC, adapted from Haslam et al. (2018, p. 238).

Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum of main study variables.

	Completed both time-points (n = 36)		Completed Time 1 (n = 50)
	Mean (SD)	Min-Max	Mean (SD)	Min-Max
PTG Time 1	26.72(10.08)	6–45	26.79(10.28)	4–49
PTG Time 2	29.33(9.93)	6–50	_	_
# Groups pre-ABI	3.03(2.02)	0–9	2.80(1.80)	0–9
# Groups maintained	0.72(1.03)	0–4	0.58(0.93)	0–4
# New groups	1.50(1.61)	0–6	1.56(1.51)	0–6
EXITS Pre-ABI	5.06(1.93)	1–7	4.68(2.01)	1–7
EXITS Maintain	3.32(1.71)	1–7	3.15(1.77)	1–7
EXITS New Groups	4.61(2.09)	1–7	4.62(2.09)	1–7
Age	46.56(11.46)	25–67	45.12(12.10)	22–67
Time since ABI (years)	10.22 (9.60)	1–41	9.94(9.37)	1–41

Note. # = Number of groups

Table 2. Correlations between PTG at time 1 and time 2 with other study related variables (N = 36).

	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. PTG Time 1	+.637***	+.316	+.157	+.436**	+.162	+.133	+.426*	−.056	−.083
2. PTG Time 2	_	+.098	−.111	+.375*	−.044	−.025	+.552***	−.057	−.026
3. # Groups pre-ABI		_	+.237	+.197	+.451**	+.175	+.048	−.008	−.246
4. # Groups maintained			_	-.275	+.285	+.594***	−.078	−.040	−.222
5. # New groups				–	+.069	+.083	+.442**	−.216	+.183
6. EXITS Pre-ABI					–	+.283	+.147	+.081	−.146
7. EXITS Maintain						–	−.061	−.047	−.195
8. EXITS New Groups							–	−.140	−.133
9. Age								_	−.160
10. Time since ABI									_

***p < .001, **p < .010, *p < 05. See Supplementary Material (Table S1) for correlations between time 1 variables for the full sample at time 1 (n = 50).

Figure 2. While the greater number of groups people maintained from pre- to post-injury predicted greater connectedness with these groups, there was no relationship between groups maintained and PTG at time 2, controlling for specified covariates.

Figure 3. Number of new groups was indirectly associated with PTG at time 2, via connectedness with these new groups, controlling for pre-injury groups, maintained groups, time since injury, age, and PTG at time 1.

Haslam, C., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., & Haslam, S. A. (2018). The new psychology of health: Unlocking the social cure. Routledge.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.