Physical activity diminished adverse associations of obesity with lipid metabolism in the population of rural regions of China

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive analysis of study participants between dyslipidaemia and non-dyslipidaemia groups.

Variables	Non-Dyslipidaemia (n = 24738)	Dyslipidaemia (n = 14681)	P-values
Age (year, mean ± SD)	55.1 ± 12.6	56.3 ± 11.4	<0.01
Gender (n, %)			<0.01
Males	9210(37.8)	6190(42.2)
Females	15168(62.2)	8491(57.8)
Education level (n, %)			<0.01
Elementary school or below	10831(44.4)	6643(45.2)
Middle school	9773(40.1)	5803(39.5)
High school or above	3774(15.5)	2235(15.2)
Marital status (n, %)			<0.01
Married/living together	21850(89.6)	13224(90.1)
Divorced/widowed/separated/unmarried	2528(10.4)	1457(9.9)
Average monthly income (n, %)			0.997
<500 RMB	8696(35.7)	5226(35.6)
500–1000 RMB	8020(32.9)	4826(32.9)
>1000 RMB	7662(31.4)	4629(31.5)
Smoking status (n, %)			<0.01
Never	18095(74.2)	10343(70.5)
Former	1867(7.7)	1301(8.9)
Current	4416(18.1)	3037(20.7)
Drinking status (n, %)			<0.01
Never	19116(78.4)	11075(75.4)
Former	1040(4.3)	778(5.3)
Current	4222(17.3)	2828(19.3)
High-fat diet (≥75 g/day, n, %)			0.416
Yes	4686(19.2)	2773(18.9)
No	19692(80.8)	11908(81.1)
Fruit and vegetable intake (≥500 g/day, n, %)*			0.356
Yes	10144(41.6)	6178(42.1)
No	14234(58.4)	8501(57.9)
Physical activity-MET (hour/day, mean ± SD)	18.7 ± 10.2	17.1 ± 9.8	<0.01
Low (n, %)	7306(30)	5291(36)	<0.01
Moderate-High (n, %)	17072(70)	9390(64)
T2DM (n, %)*			<0.01
Yes	1529(6.3)	2154(14.7)
No	22846(93.7)	12516(85.3)
Hypertension (n, %)*			<0.01
Yes	6596(27.1)	6148(41.9)
No	17770(72.9)	8520(58.1)

*missing partial data.

Table 2. Distributions of obesity measurements and lipid parameters of the participants.

Variables	Non-dyslipidaemia (n = 24738)	Dyslipidaemia (n = 14681)	P-value
BMI (mean ± SD)	24.1 ± 3.5	26.1 ± 3.4	<0.01
<24 kg/m^2	12580(51.6)	4095(27.9)	<0.01
≥24 kg/m^2	11798(48.4)	10586(72.1)
WC (mean ± SD)	81.7 ± 10.1	88 ± 9.7	<0.01
Obesity	10398(42.7)	9783(66.6)	<0.01
Non-obesity	13980(57.3)	4898(33.4)
WHR(mean ± SD)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<0.01
Obesity	13010(53.4)	11450(78.0)	<0.01
Non-obesity	11368(46.6)	3231(22.0)
WHtR(mean ± SD)	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	<0.01
Obesity	14421(59.2)	12189(83.0)	<0.01
Non-obesity	9957(40.8)	2492(17.0)
Lipid indices(mean ± SD)
TC (mmol/L)	4.6 ± 0.7	5.1 ± 1.2	<0.01
TG (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 1.4	<0.01
HDL (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	<0.01
LDL (mmol/L)	2.7 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 1.0	<0.01

Table 3. Associations of obesity measurements, PA with abnormal lipid metabolism and dyslipidaemia.

Variables	Lipid indices (estimated percent change, 95%CI)				Dyslipidaemia (OR, 95%CI)
	TC	TG	HDL	LDL
BMI (per 1 kg/m^2)	2.79(2.51, 3.08)	7.68(7.34, 8.02)	−2.97(−3.05, −2.88)	2.59(2.35, 2.83)	1.17(1.16, 1.17)
<24 kg/m^2	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥24 kg/m^2	18.37(16.06, 20.73)	58.4(54.9, 61.98)	−17.02(−17.55, −16.48)	17.34(15.42, 19.31)	2.56(2.45, 2.68)
WC (per 1 cm)	1.15(1.06, 1.25)	2.73(2.62, 2.84)	−1.11(−1.14, −1.08)	1.00(0.92, 1.09)	1.06(1.06, 1.06)
Non-obesity	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Obesity	20.91(18.49, 23.39)	64.84(61.09, 68.66)	−17.77(−18.31, −17.22)	18.28(16.28, 20.31)	2.8(2.67, 2.93)
WHR(per percentage)	1.28(1.14, 1.42)	4.05(3.89, 4.21)	−1.42(−1.46, −1.37)	1.04(0.92, 1.15)	1.09(1.08, 1.09)
Non-obesity	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Obesity	18.76(16.36, 21.21)	71.57(67.67, 75.57)	−17.42(−17.97, −16.86)	16.78(14.79, 18.8)	2.90(2.77, 3.05)
WHtR(per percentage)	1.76(1.6, 1.92)	4.38(4.19, 4.56)	−1.71(−1.76, −1.66)	1.62(1.48, 1.75)	1.09(1.09, 1.1)
Non-obesity	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Obesity	23.26(20.68, 25.89)	67.99(64.01, 72.06)	−19.11(−19.66, −18.55)	23.1(20.93, 25.3)	3.14(2.98, 3.31)
PA (per 10 MET)	−3.60(−4.52, −2.68)	−6.26(−7.28, −5.22)	2.48(2.15, 2.81)	0.13(−0.67, 0.94)	0.87(0.85, 0.89)

^aAdjusted for continuous variables (age) and classification variables (gender, socioeconomic index, lifestyle (smoking and drinking), meal pattern), chronic disease (type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension).

Figure 1. Associations between combined obesity indices with physical activity and lipid metabolism indices.

Figure 2. Associations between combined obesity indices with physical activity and prevalent dyslipidaemia.

Figure 3. The quantified biological interactions of obesity indices and physical activity on prevalent dyslipidaemia.

Figure 4. The associations of obesity indices with lipid metabolism indices as a function of physical activity.