Sustainability assessment of cities: SDGs and GHG emissions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)-City assessment framework.

Table 1. Assessment items and indicators for CASBEE-City (worldwide-use version).

Category	Number	Indicator	Unit	SDGs
Q1 Economic	Q1.1	Proportion of the population below the international poverty line	%	1
	Q1.2	Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (PPP)	US$ per capita	8
	Q1.3	Unemployment rate	%	8
	Q1.4	Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP	%	9
	Q1.5	Household income per capita (PPP)	US$ per capita	10
	Q1.6	Proportion of people living below 50% of median income	%	10
	Q1.7	Proportion of the population living in slums	%	11
Q2 Social	Q2.1	Prevalence of undernourishment	%	2
	Q2.2	Under-five mortality rate	‰	3
	Q2.3	Number of physicians per 100,000 population	per 100,000	3
	Q2.4	Average life expectancy	years	3
	Q2.5	Enrolment ratio of pre-primary education	%	4
	Q2.6	Proportion of the population at the end of lower secondary	%	4
	Q2.7	Proportion of seats held by women in local governments	%	5
	Q2.8	Proportion of the population with access to electricity	%	7
	Q2.9	Kilometres of total rail lines per 100,000 population	km/100,000	9
	Q2.10	Existence of a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically	Yes or no	11
	Q2.11	Existence of urban development plans integrating population projections and resource needs	Yes or no	11
	Q2.12	Existence of local disaster risk-reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030	Yes or no	11
	Q2.13	Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population	per 100,000	16
	Q2.14	Proportion of individuals using the internet	%	17
	Q2.15	Existence of international cooperation agreements and programmes for sustainable development	Yes or no	17
	Q2.16	Number of indicators that are reported	–	17
Q3 Environmental	Q3.1	Proportion of the population using safely managed drinking water services	%	6
	Q3.2	Proportion of the population using safely managed sanitation services	%	6
	Q3.3	Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption	%	7
	Q3.4	Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5)	µg/m^3	11
	Q3.5	Percentage of the solid waste that is recycled	%	12
	Q3.6	Existence of an integrated policy/strategy/plan related to climate change	Yes or no	13
	Q3.7	Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas	%	14
	Q3.8	Natural area as a proportion of total land area	%	15
L Environmental load	L	Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita per year	t-CO2eq/person/year	–

Note: SDGs = sustainable development goals; PPP = purchasing power parity.

Figure 2. Expansion of the application boundaries from Japanese cities to cities worldwide.

Figure 3. Visualization of the assessment results in a built environment efficiency (BEE) chart.

Figure 4. Assessment results generated by the CASBEE-City.

Figure 5. Cities assessed using CASBEE-City.

Figure 6. Assessment results for cities around the world using CASBEE-City.

Figure 7. Example results of an actual case study for Tokyo and London.

Figure 8. Ideal development path toward sustainable cities.