The domestic content of Mexico's maquiladora exports: A long-run perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics, size, and domestic input use in maquiladora industries.

						Domestic intermediate
	Gross output shares					use shares
	1981	1983	1995	2001	2006	2006
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Food, beverages, and tobacco	1.9	1.6	0.6	0.4	0.8	37.9
Textiles and textile products	15.5	13.0	9.3	12.2	7.4	16
Leather, leather and footwear	1	1.0	0.9	0.6	0.3	16
Pulp, paper, printing and publishing	1.5	1.6	3.4	2.0	1.9	17.7
Chemicals and chemical products	–	–	0.2	0.3	0.2	35.1
Rubber and plastics	2.3	2.4	2.0	2.4	3.1	22.9
Other non-metallic minerals	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.7	1.9	10.5
Basic metals and fabricated metal	2.4	2.5	3.1	3.1	3.2	21.4
Machinery	1.8	1.2	1.9	1.8	2.3	17.3
Electronics	55.3	50.3	48.7	51.5	53	6.8
Transport equipment	11.4	21.1	20.8	16.8	17.2	14.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	2.3	2.2	7.5	6.2	6.9	10.1
Business services	4.2	2.8	0.8	2.0	1.8	24.5
Total	100	100	100	100	100	10.9

Notes: Columns 1–5 show gross output shares in current prices by industry. Column 6 shows the share of domestic intermediate inputs in total intermediate inputs. Total refers to total maquila industries (numbers may not sum due to rounding). Wood and products of wood and cork are included in pulp, paper, printing and publishing manufacturing. Sources: INEGI (1991, 2001, and 2005); see main text.

Figure 1. Productivity growth and share of non-production workers, 1981–2006.

Table 2. Expanded input–output table for Mexico.

	Intermediate use		Final use
	D	P	FD	EXP	TOT
D	Z ^DD	Z ^DP	f ^D	e ^D	x ^D
P	0	0	0	e ^P	x ^P
IMP	M ^D	M ^P	f ^M	0	x ^M
VA	(v ^D)′	(v ^P)′
TOT	(x ^D)′	(x ^P)′

D = industries producing for domestic use; P = maquila industries (export processing); FD = final demand; EXP = exports; TOT = industry gross outputs (and total imports in the column TOT); IMP = imports; and VA = value added.

Figure 2. The domestic content of aggregate maquila exports (DCE).

Table 3. Domestic content of maquila exports, industry results (2003 benchmark).

	1981	1983	1995	2001	2006
Food, Beverages and Tobacco	0.27	0.34	0.59	0.59	0.44
Textiles and Textile Products	0.28	0.18	0.21	0.35	0.31
Leather, Leather and Footwear	0.44	0.30	0.23	0.28	0.28
Pulp, Paper, Printing and Publishing	0.56	0.51	0.18	0.38	0.31
Chemicals and Chemical Products	-	-	0.45	0.35	0.46
Rubber and Plastics	0.37	0.30	0.26	0.39	0.35
Other Non-Metallic Minerals	0.48	0.42	0.33	0.37	0.18
Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal	0.31	0.23	0.28	0.32	0.30
Machinery	0.37	0.39	0.18	0.29	0.26
Electronics	0.25	0.18	0.11	0.18	0.14
Transport Equipment	0.33	0.21	0.15	0.24	0.27
Miscellaneous manufacturing	0.35	0.26	0.19	0.28	0.25
Business services	0.91	0.94	0.35	0.41	0.41

Notes: authors' calculations using time series estimates and revised equation (1*) where e^P is put on the main diagonal of a matrix of equal dimension as the number of industries.

Table 4. Sources of change in domestic content of value added exports (2003 benchmark).

	Share of domestic content in exports		Contribution of (in percent):
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Year t	Yeart+1	Change in industry DCE intensity	Change in industry share in overall exports	Total
	1981	2006
Total maquiladora	0.31	0.21
Textile products	0.28	0.31	-2.58	23.81
Electrical machinery products	0.25	0.14	61.72	4.45
Transport equipment products	0.33	0.27	7.96	-17.07
Other			27.67	-5.96
			94.77	5.23	100
	1981	1983
Total maquiladora	0.31	0.23
Textile products	0.28	0.18	17.7	7.1
Electrical machinery products	0.25	0.18	46.2	13.5
Transport equipment products	0.33	0.21	22.7	-32.0
Other			6.1	18.7
			92.7	7.3	100
	1983	1995
Total maquiladora	0.23	0.15
Textile products	0.18	0.21	- 4.4	9.4
Electrical machinery products	0.18	0.11	48.3	3.0
Transport equipment products	0.21	0.15	18.1	0.6
Other			30.7	-5.7
			92.6	7.4	100
	1995	2001
Total maquiladora	0.15	0.24
Textile products	0.21	0.35	16.60	9.03
Electrical machinery products	0.11	0.18	40.77	4.54
Transport equipment products	0.15	0.24	19.04	-8.86
Other			21.85	-2.97
			98.26	1.74	100
	2001	2006
Total maquiladora	0.24	0.21
Textile products	0.35	0.31	13.22	51.30
Electrical machinery products	0.18	0.14	68.67	-8.22
Transport equipment products	0.24	0.27	-18.86	-3.31
Other			26.56	-29.36
			89.58	10.42	100

Notes: authors’ calculations using equation (2) and revised equation (1*).

INEGI . 1991. Estadística de la Industria Maquiladora de Exportación, 1979–1989 , 1–53. México : Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática.

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INEGI . 2001. La Producción, Salarios, Empleo y Productividad de la Industria Maquiladora de Exportación; Total Nacional (1988–2000) , 1–115. México : Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales de México, Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.

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INEGI . 2005. La Producción, Salarios, Empleo y Productividad de la Industria Maquiladora de Exportación; Total Nacional (1999–2004) , 1–109. México : Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales de México, Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática.

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