Using engagement in sustainable construction to improve mental health and social connection in disadvantaged and hard to reach groups: a new green care approach

Figures & data

Table 1. Change in scores over time for those above threshold at baseline.

		N (full sample)	Threshold for inclusion	N (included based on threshold)	Time 1 mean (SD)	Time 2 mean (SD)	t	p	Effect Size (d)	Clinical change
										Recovery	Reliable improvement	Reliable deterioration
All participants	Depression	101	≥3	27	4.11 (1.12)	2.44 (1.97)	−4.21	<.001	−1.18* (−1.76 to −0.60)	15 (55%)	13 (48%)	1 (4%)
	Anxiety	102	≥3	43	4.58 (1.05)	2.65 (1.84)	−6.39	<.001	−1.04* (−1.94 to −0.99)	21 (49%)	23 (53%)	2 (5%)
	Resilience	74	≤2.9	24	2.39 (0.50)	2.85 (0.56)	3.73	<.001	0.69 (0.14–1.31)
Wellbeing	Study 1	33	≤19.71	12	17.11 (1.56)	18.21 (2.17)	−1.31	n.s.
	Study 2	39	≤19.71	7	17.31 (1.03)	19.08 (2.77)	–1.366	n.s.

Figure 1. Study 1 ratings of connection to the community and within the project at time 1 and time 2. Note. Only those scoring at or below the threshold (3) for each response are included; numbers above/below arrows correspond to mean and standard deviation.

Figure 2. Study 2 ratings of connection to the community and within the project at time 1 and time 2. Note. Only those scoring at or below the threshold (3) for each response are included; numbers above/below arrows correspond to mean and standard deviation.