Coping profiles of family caregivers of people with schizophrenia: differentiations between parent and sibling caregivers

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of family caregivers (N = 181).

Variables	Modality (for categorical variables)	Total sample (N = 181)	Parent caregivers (n = 61)	Sibling caregivers (n = 120)	t or chi²
Gender (%)	Female	141 (77.90)	43 (70.49)	98 (81.67)	2.93
Age (m, SD)		45.36 (15.98)	60.21 (7.73)	37.94 (13.71)	−13.91***
Patient’s age (m, SD)		35.17 (11.75)	32.13 (10.70)	37.69 (11.97)	3.25**
Duration of patient’s illness (years, m, SD)		17.40 (12.34)	13.86 (9.22)	18.95 (13.23)	2.20*
Patient’s gender (%)	Male	150 (82.87)	46 (75.41)	104 (86.67)	3.61

***p ≤ 0.001. **p ≤ 0.01. *p ≤ 0.05.

Table 2. Comparison of strategies and coping styles of parents and siblings.

Scores, Mean (SD)	Parents (N = 61)	Siblings (N = 120)	Comparison		Effect size
			Statistic	Corrected p-value^a	Cohen’s d
Strategies
Information	2.65 (0.95)	2.19 (0.86)	t(179) = 3.252	.014*	0.50
Positive communication	3.27 (0.59)	2.86 (0.81)	t(152.454) = 3.836	.002**	0.58
Social interest	3.21 (0.58)	3.53 (0.48)	t(179) = −3.918	.001***	−0.60
Coercion	1.61 (0.52)	1.76 (0.70)	t(155) = −1.402	1.000	−0.25
Avoidance	1.25 (0.43)	1.78 (0.88)	t(178.908) = −5.507	<.001***	−0.78
Resignation	1.95 (0.79)	2.13 (0.89)	t(179) = −1.351	1.000	−0.22
Patient’s implication	3.20 (0.70)	2.62 (0.90)	t(128.476) = 4.551	<.001***	0.72
Coping styles
Problem centred	3.18 (0.33)	2.75 (0.51)	t(167.751) = 6.787	<.001***	1.00
Emotion centred	1.58 (0.40)	1.89 (0.55)	t(157.405) = −4.261	<.001***	−0.64
Social support centred	2.23 (0.35)	2.66 (0.53)	t(167.442) = −6.495	<.001***	−0.95

^awith Bonferroni correction for 10 comparisons. ***p ≤ 0.001. **p ≤ 0.01. *p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3. Pearson’s correlations between strategies and coping styles and sociodemographic variables.

	Caregiver age	Care recipient age	Illness duration
Strategies
Information	.339**	.060	.064
Positive communication	.276**	.011	−.042
Social interest	−.066	.265**	.264**
Coercion	−.136	.027	.106
Avoidance	−.185*	.131	.102
Resignation	.030	.021	.000
Patient’s implication	.380**	.041	.053
Coping styles
Problem centred	.381**	−.020	−.010
Emotion centred	−.132	.100	.099
Social support centred	−.F177*	0.239**	0.216*

***p ≤ 0.001. **p ≤ 0.01. *p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 1. Family caregivers’ coping profiles.

Figure 2. Distribution (in percent) of coping profiles of family caregivers according to the relationship with the person suffering from schizophrenia.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated for this study are available from the corresponding author on request.