Online versus in-person gatekeeper suicide prevention training: comparison in a community sample

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of participant attrition across timepoints for in-person and online GKT.

Table 1. Responses for each variable split by training mode and data collection point.

	In-person			Online
Variable	T0	T1	T2	T0	T1	T2
Knowledge	259	244	69	228	54	22
Preparedness	260	251	70	228	53	22
Efficacy	250	249	68	227	53	22
Reluctance	250	245	68	227	52	22

Table 2. Participant demographics and prior training.

		In-person (n = 262)		Online (n = 228)
		n	Percentage	n	Percentage
Gender	Female	206	78.6	195	85.5
	Male	51	19.5	32	14.0
	Other	5	1.9	1	.4
Age groups	18–24	14	5.3	19	8.3
	25–34	41	15.6	33	14.5
	35–44	63	24.0	47	20.6
	45–54	76	29.0	64	28.1
	55–64	51	19.5	44	19.3
	65–74	10	3.8	21	9.2
	75–84	2	.8	0	0
	Missing	5	1.9	0	0
Prior MHFA training	Yes	88	33.6	60	26.3
	No	163	62.2	160	70.2
	Unsure	7	2.7	8	3.5
	Missing	4	1.5	0	0
Prior suicide prevention training	Yes	57	21.8	52	22.8
	No	186	71.0	167	73.2
	Unsure	8	3.1	9	3.9
	Missing	11	4.2	0	0

Figure 2. Longitudinal comparison of online and in-person on tested outcomes. Error bars are too small to display (SE data range.042–.218).

Table 3. Main effects for Time and Mode, and interaction effects for Mode*Time on GKT outcomes.^a

	Time		Mode		Mode*Time
	F (df)	p	F (df)	p	F (df)	p
Knowledge (N = 259)	345.76 (2, 147.22)	<.001	2.18 (1, 352.73)	.141	.32 (2, 147.22)	.727
Preparedness (N = 260)	292.00 (2, 147.66)	<.001	13.50 (1, 326.24)	<.001	6.61 (2, 147.66)	.002
Efficacy (N = 250)	313.31 (2, 143.06)	<.001	2.45 (1, 422.13)	.119	5.86 (2, 143.06)	.004
Reluctance (N = 250)	32.17 (2, 137.36)	<.001	8.30 (1, 306.04)	.004	6.98 (2, 137.36)	.001

^a Modeled with the inclusion of covariates (age, gender, prior MHFA, and prior suicide prevention experience).

Table 4. Post-hoc testing results for mean differences over time by mode of delivery.

Mode of delivery	Time		Mean dif	SE	Df	p	95% CI
							L	U
Knowledge
SafeTALK – in-person	Pre-test	Post-test	−1.96*	.08	349.85	<.001	−2.12	−1.80
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.84*	.11	95.12	<.001	0.62	1.06
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−1.12*	.12	127.79	<.001	−1.36	−0.88
Start – online	Pre-test	Post-test	−2.01*	.13	441.174	<.001	−2.26	−1.76
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.71*	.19	96.024	<.001	0.34	1.08
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−1.30*	.19	120.769	<.001	−1.68	−0.92
Preparedness
SafeTALK – in-person	Pre-test	Post-test	−1.50*	.08	351.71	<.001	−1.66	−1.34
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.61*	.13	91.81	<.001	0.36	0.86
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−0.88*	.14	114.60	<.001	−1.15	−0.62
Start – online	Pre-test	Post-test	−2.02*	.12	470.92	<.001	−2.26	−1.79
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.74*	.21	93.17	<.001	0.32	1.16
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−1.28*	.22	109.40	<.001	−1.72	−0.85
Efficacy
SafeTALK - in-person	Pre-test	Post-test	−1.33*	.07	346.98	<.001	−1.46	−1.20
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.29*	.08	92.23	<.001	0.12	0.45
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−1.04*	.09	133.62	<.001	−1.22	−0.87
Start – online	Pre-test	Post-test	−1.75*	.11	405.89	<.001	−1.96	−1.55
	Post-test	Follow-up	0.43*	.14	98.49	.002	0.16	0.71
	Pre-test	Follow-up	−1.32*	.14	125.75	<.001	−1.61	−1.04
Reluctance
SafeTALK - in-person	Pre-test	Post-test	0.21*	.05	351.16	<.001	0.12	0.30
	Post-test	Follow-up	−0.17*	.08	99.28	.032	−0.32	−0.01
	Pre-test	Follow-up	0.04	.08	93.24	.583	−0.11	0.20
Start – online	Pre-test	Post-test	0.56*	.08	357.77	<.001	0.39	0.72
	Post-test	Follow-up	−0.21	.13	110.13	.125	−0.47	0.06
	Pre-test	Follow-up	0.35*	.13	87.47	.008	0.09	0.61

* p < .05.