The psychometric properties of the Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire in seven musculoskeletal conditions

Figures & data

Table 1. Domains within the self-care and mobility components of the evaluation of daily activity questionnaire.

Components: domain numbers and names
Self-care	Mobility
1 Eating/drinking	4 Bathing/showering
2 Personal care	6 Moving around indoors
3 Getting dressed/undressed	9 Moving and transfers
5 Cooking	11 Moving around outside/shopping
7 Cleaning the house	12 Gardening/household maintenance
8 Laundry/clothes care
10 Communication

Table 2. Demographic and health status characteristics of participants for each musculoskeletal condition (n = 1200).

	Ankylosing spondylitis (n = 165)	Osteoarthritis (n = 184)	Systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 164)	Systemic sclerosis (n = 170)	Chronic pain (n = 194)	Chronic upper limb disorders (n = 152)	Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (n = 171)
Age (mean (SD)	53.48 (13.89)	63.28 (10.41)	53.20 (13.22)	65.52 (10.65)	53.10 (13.47)	54.59 (14.26)	62.88 (11.25)
Gender (female: %)	47 (28%)	143 (78%)	157 (96%)	158 (93%)	170 (88%)	104 (68%)	160 (94%)
Condition duration (years: mean (SD)	24.75 (15.16)	10.43 (10.24)	18.22 (11.54)	16.67 (11.15)	12.96 (11.62)	9.88 (12.48)	16.44 (17.04)
Married/living with partner n (%)	126 (77%)	138 (75%)	133 (81%)	112 (66%)	136 (70%)	111 (73%)	117 (68%)
Employment status
Paid employment	87 (53%)	56 (30%)	62 (38%)	38 (22%)	70 (36%)	78 (52%)	64 (38%)
Education level
Secondary education only	93 (57%)	120 (66%)	94 (57%)	98 (57%)	105 (54%)	77 (51%)	103 (60%)
Current medication
Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs	11 (7%)	n/a	105 (64%)	27 (16%)	n/a	n/a	54 (32%)
Biologic drugs	65 (39%)		3 (2%)				2 (1%)
Health Assessment Questionnaire 20 median (inter-quartile range)	6 (1–14)	9 (4–19)	8 (2–21)	10 (3–20)	17 (8–28)	6 (1–14)	4 (0–13)
SF36v2: median (inter-quartile range)
Physical function	44(31–50)	36 (29–46)	36 (27–46)	36 (27–46)	31 (23–38)	48 (40–52)	40 (31–50)
Bodily pain	43 (35–51)	38 (31–43)	38 (31–47)	42 (38–50)	31 (27–38)	38 (34–47)	42 (38–52)
Hand pain (0–10)	3 (2–6)	6 (3–8)	5 (2–7)	4 (2–6)	6 (4–8)	5 (2–7)	3 (1–6)
Quality of Life Scale: 0–112: median (inter-quartile range)	85 (76–93)	84 (75–94)	80 (71–89)	82 (75–93)	69 (56–81)	86 (75–94)	84 (75–93)
Perceived health (1–5)	3 (2–3)	3 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	3 (2–3)	3 (3–4)	3(2–3)	3 (2–3)
Numbers reporting health
Very poor/poor (1–2)	23	46	44	22	85	32	23
Fair (3)	62	86	52	76	77	65	65
Good/Very Good (4–5)	79	47	68	71	30	53	81

ISCED: International Standard Classification of Education; SF36v2: Short Form 36v2.

Higher scores = better in SF36v2 and Quality of Life scale; lower scores = better in Health Assessment Questionnaire 20, perceived health, hand pain.

Table 3. Rasch analysis summary for the self-care component for each musculoskeletal condition.

	Item residual		Person residual		Chi-square interaction				Unidimensionality
Analysis	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Value	DF	p	PSI	% t-test	CI
AS	−0.34	1.09	−0.4	0.8	20.82	14	0.12	0.74	3.45	^a
OA	−0.16	1.55	−0.43	1.03	20.1	14	0.12	0.82	5.77	2.30%
SLE	−0.3	0.84	−0.39	0.87	13.83	14	0.46	0.85	6.11	2.40%
SS	−0.29	0.84	−0.41	0.93	10.23	14	0.75	0.85	3.55	^a
CP	0.02	1	−0.45	1.17	14.06	14	0.45	0.89	9.88	6.50%
CULD	−0.45	1.6	−0.44	0.88	16.06	14	0.31	0.77	4.20	^a
PSS	−0.54	1.02	−0.46	0.85	20.65	14	0.11	0.75	1.69	^a
Fit Criteria	0.0 < 1.4^a		0.0 < 1.4		> 0.05			>0.85	Lower CI <5%

SD: standard deviation; DF: degrees of freedom; PSI: Person Separation Index CI: confidence interval; AS: ankylosing spondylitis; OA: osteoarthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: systemic sclerosis; CP: chronic pain conditions; CULD: chronic hand/upper limb disorders; PSS: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome.

a Bonferroni adjusted.

Table 4. Rasch analysis summary for the mobility component for each musculoskeletal condition.

	Item residual		Person residual		Chi-square interaction				Unidimensionality
Analysis	Mean	SD	Mean SD	SD	Value	DF	p	PSI	% t-test	CI
AS	−0.16	0.52	−0.53	0.95	6.89	10	0.74	0.86	4.07	^a
OA	−0.25	1.24	−0.49	0.9	5.89	10	0.82	0.83	5.08	0.00%
SLE	−0.46	0.88	−0.43	0.75	8.48	10	0.58	0.82	1.49	^a
SS	−0.19	0.91	−0.44	0.87	13.47	10	0.20	0.79	5.08	0%
CP	−0.69	1.29	−0.71	1.03	4.36	10	0.93	0.85	8.05	3.50%
CULD	−0.2	1.02	−0.35	0.75	12.93	10	0.23	0.71	4.62	^a
PSS	−0.29	0.82	−0.53	0.95	7.54	10	0.67	0.72	6.25	0.00%
Fit criteria	0.0 < 1.4^a		0.0 < 1.4		> 0.05			>0.85	Lower CI <5%

AS: ankylosing spondylitis; OA: osteoarthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: systemic sclerosis; CP: chronic pain conditions; CULD: chronic hand/upper limb disorders; PSS: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome.

a Bonferroni adjusted.

Table 5. Reliability and validity testing of the EDAQ Part 2 for each musculoskeletal condition (n = 1200).

Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire domain (score range)	n	Test 1 A Cronbach’s α	Median (range) Test 1 score	Median (range) Test 2 score	ICC(2,1)	Correlation with Health Assessment Question-naire20 (rs)	Correlation with SF36v2: Physical Function (rs)	Correlation with SF36v2: Bodily Pain (rs)	Correlation with Hand Pain (rs)
1. Eating & drinking (0–33)
AS	161	0.93	0 (0–3)	0 (0–3)	0.85 (0.79,0.90)	0.52^a	−0.56^a	−0.42^a	0.55^a
OA	175	0.93	5 (1–9)	4 (0.75–8)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.50^a	−0.19^b	−0.40^a	0.58^a
SLE	155	0.94	4 (1–8)	3.5 (1–7)	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	0.81^a	−0.68^a	−0.62^a	0.64^a
SS	161	0.91	7 (4–12)	6 (3–12)	0.91 (0.88, 0.94)	0.72^a	−0.54^a	−0.50^a	0.55^a
CP	185	0.94	5 (1–10)	5 (1–10)	0.92 (0.89, 0.95)	0.75^a	−0.56^a	−0.53^a	0.56^a
CULD	145	0.94	4(1–9)	4 (0.25–9)	0.89 (0.84, 0.93)	0.72^a	−0.50^a	−0.55^a	0.66^a
PSS	158	0.93	3 (0–7)	3.5 (0–7)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.72^a	−0.61^a	−0.56^a	0.61^a
2. Personal care (0–36)
AS	155	0.91	0 (0–2)	0.5 (0–2)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.76^a	−0.69^a	−0.59^a	0.44^a
OA	163	0.89	2 (1–4)	1 (0–3)	0.86 (0.81, 0.90)	0.70^a	−0.42^a	−0.44^a	0.47^a
SLE	154	0.92	1 (0–3)	1 (0–3)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.84^a	−0.72^a	−0.63^a	0.56^a
SS	160	0.85	2 (1–5)	2 (0–5)	0.81 (0.73, 0.86)	0.72^a	−0.54^a	−0.46^a	0.46^a
CP	185	0.90	3 (0–6)	2 (0–6)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.84^a	−0.66^a	−0.54^a	0.37^a
CULD	146	0.91	1 (0–4.25)	1 (0–5)	0.92 (0.88, 0.95)	0.76^a	−0.51^a	−0.59^a	0.53^a
PSS	160	0.86	0 (0–2)	1 (0–3)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.71^a	−0.56^a	−0.49^a	0.54^a
3. Dressing (0–33)
AS	160	0.91	3 (0–7)	3 (0–6)	0.91 (0.87, 0.94)	0.80^a	−0.76^a	−0.63^a	0.48^a
OA	174	0.92	4 (2–8)	4 (1.25–7)	0.83 (0.76, 0.88)	0.76^a	−0.56^a	−0.50^a	0.40^a
SLE	160	0.94	2 (0–8)	1.5 (0–6.75)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.83^a	−0.79^a	−0.62^a	0.57^a
SS	166	0.92	4 (2–11)	4 (1–11)	0.94 (0.91, 0.95)	0.81^a	−0.64^a	−0.41^a	0.43^a
CP	184	0.93	6 (3–11)	5 (2–11	0.91 (0.88, 0.94)	0.86^a	−0.70^a	−0.60^a	0.52^a
CULD	148	0.94	3 (0–7)	2 (0–6.75)	0.93 (0.89, 0.95)	0.82^a	−0.61^a	−0.57^a	0.46^a
PSS	160	0.91	1 (0–5)	1 (0–5)	0.92 (0.88, 0.96)	0.79^a	−0.68^a	−0.61^a	0.54^a
4. Bathing and showering (0–33)
AS	156	0.89	3 (0–7)	2.5 (0–6)	0.93 (0.89, 0.94)	0.84^a	−0.77^a	−0.60^a	0.42^a
OA	174	0.92	4 (2–9)	3 (1–6)	0.92 (0.89, 0.95)	0.82^a	−0.68^a	−0.59^a	0.43^a
SLE	153	0.94	2 (0–8)	2 (0–8)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.87^a	−0.79^a	−0.69^a	0.61^a
SS	160	0.91	4 (0.25–9)	4 (0–10)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.87^a	−0.79^a	−0.42^a	0.45^a
CP	178	0.93	7.5 (3–12)	6 (2–12)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.87^a	−0.76^a	−0.63^a	0.47^a
CULD	148	0.92	3 (1–7)	3 (0–7)	0.91 (0.87, 0.94)	0.88^a	−0.65^a	−0.67^a	0.52^a
PSS	162	0.92	1 (0–6)	1 (0–5)	0.96 (0.94, 0.97)	0.80^a	−0.75^a	−0.65^a	0.51^a
5. Cooking (0–42)
AS	158	0.96	1 (0–6.5)	1 (0–4.5)	0.88 (0.83, 0.92)	0.79^a	−0.77^a	−0.61^a	0.54^a
OA	174	0.95	5 (1–11)	4 (1–10)	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	0.75^a	−0.46^a	−0.54^a	0.53^a
SLE	157	0.96	5 (1–14)	4 (0–12.5)	0.96 (0.94, 0.97)	0.87^a	−0.78^a	−0.65^a	0.63^a
SS	163	0.95	6 (1–12)	5 (1–12)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.86^a	−0.76^a	−0.52^a	0.56^a
CP	177	0.96	10 (4–18)	8 (2–16)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.84^a	−0.74^a	−0.66^a	0.53^a
CULD	146	0.95	4.5 (0–10.5)	3 (0–10.5)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.84^a	−0.66^a	−0.67^a	0.66^a
PSS	161	0.94	2 (0–6.25)	2 (0–7.5)	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.79^a	−0.68^a	−0.62^a	0.59^a
6. Moving indoors (0–36)
AS	159	0.92	4 (2–9)	4 (1.5–7)	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	0.83^a	−0.83^a	−0.66^a	0.49^a
OA	170	0.93	6 (2–11)	6 (2–10.5)	0.94 (0.91, 0.95)	0.83^a	−0.87^a	−0.66^a	0.29^a
SLE	152	0.94	6 (2–13)	5 (1.25–11.75)	0.96 (0.94, 0.97)	0.90^a	−0.89^a	−0.73^a	0.66^a
SS	162	0.93	6.5 (2–12.5)	6 (2–11)	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	0.91^a	−0.86^a	−0.53^a	0.48^a
CP	180	0.92	10 (6–15)	10 (5–16)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.90^a	−0.79^a	−0.63^a	0.45^a
CULD	144	0.94	3 (1–6)	3 (0–6.5)	0.95 (0.92, 0.97)	0.85^a	−0.78^a	−0.66^a	0.49^a
PSS	156	0.92	4 (1–8)	4 (1–7)	0.96 (0.95, 0.97)	0.88^a	−0.87^a	−0.73^a	0.45^a
7. Cleaning the house (0–27)
AS	162	0.94	0 (2–7)	1 (0–4)	0.88 (0.82, 0.91)	0.80^a	−0.80^a	−0.62^a	0.47^a
OA	175	0.92	5 (2–10)	3 (1–9)	0.92 (0.88, 0.94)	0.79^a	−0.60^a	−0.58^a	0.42^a
SLE	154	0.94	5 (2–12.5)	4 (1–10.5)	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	0.88^a	−0.83^a	−0.71^a	0.57^a
SS	162	0.93	5 (1–11.5)	4 (2–10)	0.90 (0.85, 0.93)	0.88^a	−0.82^a	−0.56^a	0.50^a
CP	177	0.92	9 (5–15)	8 (4–15)	0.89 (0.84, 0.92)	0.84^a	−0.72^a	−0.54^a	0.50^a
CULD	143	0.95	4 (0–8.5)	3 (0–8)	0.93 (0.90, 0.96)	0.88^a	−0.70^a	−0.70^a	0.64^a
PSS	162	0.91	3 (0–8)	3 (0–7.75)	0.96 (0.94, 0.97)	0.84^a	−0.79^a	−0.73^a	0.57^a
8. Laundry and clothes care (0–27)
AS	158	0.95	1 (0–3)	0 (0–2)	0.77 (0.67, 0.84)	0.74^a	−0.71^a	−0.57^a	0.59^a
OA	169	0.91	3 (0–7)	2 (0–5)	0.89 (0.84, 0.92)	0.74^a	−0.45^a	−0.46^a	0.53^a
SLE	154	0.93	3 (0–8.25)	2 (0–7)	0.89 (0.84, 0.92)	0.83^a	−0.75^a	−0.67^a	0.61^a
SS	160	0.90	4 (1–8)	4 (1–8)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.79^a	−0.70^a	−0.42^a	0.48^a
CP	181	0.93	6 (1–10.5)	4 (1–9)	0.93 (0.90, 0.95)	0.80^a	−0.66^a	−0.65^a	0.53^a
CULD	146	0.92	2 (0–6)	1 (0–4.75)	0.90 (0.84, 0.93)	0.80^a	−0.56^a	−0.55^a	0.57^a
PSS	164	0.91	1 (0–4)	1 (0–4)	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	0.76^a	−0.67^a	−0.64^a	0.64^a
9. Moving and transfers (0–18)
AS	161	0.90	4 (2–6)	3 (1–5)	0.91 (0.86, 0.93)	0.80^a	−0.77^a	−0.74^a	0.40^a
OA	177	0.88	4 (1–7)	2 (0–6)	0.89 (0.85, 0.92)	0.78^a	−0.77^a	−0.58^a	0.28^a
SLE	161	0.90	3 (1–6)	2 (0–5.75)	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	0.85^a	−0.73^a	−0.73^a	0.67^a
SS	169	0.88	3 (0–5)	2 (0–5)	0.91 (0.88, 0.94)	0.79^a	−0.72^a	−0.55^a	0.41^a
CP	191	0.87	6 (4–9)	5 (3–8)	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	0.84^a	−0.72^a	−0.63^a	0.46^a
CULD	152	0.88	2 (0–4.25)	1 (0–4)	0.92 (0.89, 0.95)	0.73^a	−0.66^a	−0.68^a	0.44^a
PSS	165	0.87	2 (0–5)	2 (0–4)	0.95 (0.94, 0.97)	0.81^a	−0.76^a	−0.73^a	0.49^a
10. Communication (0–18)
AS	164	0.89	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0.90 (0.85, 0.93)	0.47^a	−0.45^a	−0.38^a	0.54^a
OA	178	0.90	1 (0–3)	0 (0–2)	0.88 (0.83, 0.91)	0.50^a	−0.18^b	−0.40^a	0.55^a
SLE	163	0.85	1 (0–3)	0 (0–2)	0.89 (0.84, 0.92)	0.65^a	−0.54^a	−0.52^a	0.56^a
SS	166	0.83	1 (0–4)	1 (0–4)	0.91 (0.88, 0.94)	0.69^a	−0.51^a	−0.47^a	0.48^a
CP	190	0.90	2 (0–5)	1 (0–4)	0.91 (0.87, 0.94)	0.65^a	−0.50^a	−0.47^a	0.55^a
CULD	149	0.87	2 (0–4)	1 (0–3)	0.91 (0.86, 0.94)	0.51^a	−0.30^a	−0.38^a	0.49^a
PSS	169	0.89	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1.25)	0.89 (0.85, 0.92)	0.56^a	−0.50^a	−0.55^a	0.58^a
11. Moving outdoors and shopping (0–39)
AS	157	0.94	4 (0–10)	2 (0–8)	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	0.83^a	−0.90^a	−0.71^a	0.54^a
OA	162	0.91	5 (3–13)	5 (2–10)	0.95 (0.92, 0.97)	0.86^a	−0.85^a	−0.62^a	0.35^a
SLE	153	0.93	7 (2–15)	5 (1–12)	0.96 (0.93, 0.97)	0.92^a	−0.89^a	−0.75^a	0.67^a
SS	162	0.92	7 (2–14)	6 (2–13)	0.97 (0.95, 0.98)	0.90^a	−0.91^a	−0.56^a	0.49^a
CP	179	0.91	11 (6–19)	10 (5.75–17.25)	0.89 (0.82, 0.93)	0.85^a	−0.80^a	−0.67^a	0.51^a
CULD	147	0.94	4 (1–8)	3 (0–6)	0.87 (0.81, 0.91)	0.84^a	−0.73^a	−0.69^a	0.58^a
PSS	159	0.92	4 (1–9)	4 (0–9)	0.89 (0.82, 0.93)	0.88^a	−0.90^a	−0.75^a	0.54^a
12. Gardening/house maintenance (0–21)
AS	155	0.93	3 (1–8)	3 (1–6)	0.85 (0.78, 0.90)	0.80^a	−0.76^a	−0.56^a	0.52^a
OA	169	0.92	5 (2–12)	5 (2–10.75)	0.84 (0.78, 0.89)	0.66^a	−0.64^a	−0.50^a	0.33^a
SLE	145	0.94	6 (1–14.5)	4 (1–13)	0.78 (0.66, 0.85)	0.76^a	−0.69^a	−0.66^a	0.55^a
SS	150	0.92	6 (2–14)	5 (1–12.75)	0.87 (0.82, 0.91)	0.73^a	−0.72^a	−0.45^a	0.36^a
CP	173	0.91	10 (4–17.5)	7.5 (2–17)	0.88 (0.83, 0.92)	0.64^a	−0.62^a	−0.48^a	0.39^a
CULD	133	0.95	3 (0–8.5)	2 (0–8)	0.86 (0.79, 0.91)	0.79^a	−0.65^a	−0.59^a	0.55^a
PSS	150	0.92	2 (0–8)	3 (0–7)	0.79 (0.69, 0.85)	0.60^a	−0.59^a	−0.49^a	0.38^a

a p = < 0.001.

b p < 0.05.

α: Cronbach’s alpha;  r_s : Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

AS: ankylosing spondylitis; OA: osteoarthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: systemic sclerosis; CP: chronic pain conditions; CULD: chronic hand/upper limb disorders; PSS: primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Negative correlations occur with SF36v2 scores as higher scores represent better function in the SF36v2.