Adding meaning to physical fitness test results in individuals with intellectual disabilities

Figures & data

Table 1. Health-related and skill-related components of physical fitness according to the American College of Sports Medicine, with physical fitness components covered in the ID-fitscan in bold.

Fitness components	Included tests in the ID-fitscan
Health-related components
Body composition	Body mass index, waist circumference
Cardiorespiratory fitness	Not available yet
Muscular strength	Grip strength
Muscular endurance	30 seconds chair stand, five times chair stand
Flexibility	Not available yet
Skill-related components
Coordination	Not available yet
Balance	Static stances, comfortable gait speed
Reaction time	Not available yet

Table 2. Description of the type of reference values available to interpret or compare test results of the ID-fitscan.

	Norm-referenced values of the general population	Norm-referenced values of the ID population [57,58]	Criterion-referenced values ID population	Clinically relevant differences ID population
Body composition
BMI	Rikli and Jones [34,59] 6728 community-residing, functionally independent older adults (60–94 years), 4707 females, USA Statline [60] Online database of the Dutch population based on a population health questionnaire (>20 years), The Netherlands	HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands	X	X
Waist circumference	Patry-Parisien et al. [61] 1732 adults (20–79 years), 908 females, Canada	HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands	X	X
Muscular endurance
30 s chair stand	Rikli and Jones [34,59] 6774 community-residing, functionally independent older adults (60–94 years), 4747 females, USA	HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands	X	X
5× chair stand	Guralnik et al. [35] 5106 adults (71+ years), 3320 females, USA	X	X	X
Strength
Grip strength	Bohannon et al. [62] Meta-analyses 12 studies, 3317 adults (data used for adults up to 75 years) USA, Canada, Australia, UK, Sweden Bohannon et al. [63] Meta-analyses 7 studies, 739 adults ≥75 years USA, Canada, Australia	HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands	X	X
Balance
Static balance test	Side by side, semi-tandem and tandem stand: Guralnik et al. [35] 5106 adults (71+ years), 3320 females, USA One leg stand: X	Side by side stand, tandem stand and one leg stand: HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands Semi-tandem stand: X	X	X
Comfortable gait speed	Bohannon and Williams Andrews [64] Meta-analyses 41 studies, 23,111 adults (20–99 years) USA, Canada, Australia, UK, Sweden, The Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Israel	HA-ID study population, 671 older adults with mild to moderate ID (≥50 years), 350 females, The Netherlands	X	X

ID: intellectual disabilities; BMI: body mass index; HA-ID: Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability study.

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