Self-perceived mobility in immigrants in Sweden living with the late effects of polio

Figures & data

Figure 1. Patient flowchart.

Table 1. Demographic data and characteristics of the patients in the study (n = 74).

	Male (n = 38)	Female (n = 36)	Test and p-value
Age (mean, SD)	49.6 (10.3)	46.0 (9.4)	z = −1.6, p = 0.12
Single household/married or cohabiting	5/33	12/24	x^2 = 4.25, p = 0.05
Independent P-ADL/dependent P-ADL in;
Eating and drinking	32/6	33/3	x^2 = 0.96, p = 0.48
Going to the toilet	30/8	32/4	x^2 = 1.35, p = 0.35
Dressing	29/9	32/4	x^2 = 2.02, p = 0.22
Independent I-ADL/dependent I-ADL in;
Shopping	10/28	20/16	x^2 = 6.56, p = 0.02
Cooking	16/22	26/10	x^2 = 6.83, p = 0.01
Cleaning	11/27	17/19	x^2 = 2.63, p = 0.15
Washing	12/26	19/17	x^2 = 3.4, p = 0.10
No need for help (independent)/Fully or partly dependent on help from a relative or friend (dependent)	9/27*	10/24*	x^2 = 0.17, p = 0.79

*Missing data, n = 4.

Table 2. Polio-affected extremities in the patients in the study as verified by EMG examination.

EMG	Polio	No polio	Total
Right leg	45 (60.8)	7 (9.5)	52 (73.2)
Left leg	49 (66.2)	4 (5.4)	53 (74.6)
Right arm	20 (27.0)	17 (23.0)	37 (52.1)
Left arm	22 (29.7)	13 (17.6)	35 (49.3)

The results are presented as numbers (percentages).

Table 3. Severity of polio in the patients in the study according to the NRH limb classification (n = 74).

Polio classification	I. No clinical polio	II. Subclinical polio	III. Clinically stable polio	IV. Clinically unstable polio	V. Severely atrophic polio
Right leg	10 (13.5)	2 (2.7)	5 (6.8)	20 (27.0)	37 (50.0)
Left leg	9 (12.2)	5 (6.8)	7 (9.5)	24 (32.4)	29 (39.2)
Right arm	50 (67.6)	9 (12.2)	4 (5.4)	9 (12.2)	2 (2.7)
Left arm	49 (66.2)	15 (20.3)	2 (2.7)	6 (8.1)	2 (2.7)
Trunk	62 (83.8)	4 (5.4)	8 (10.8)	–	–

The results are presented as numbers (percentages).

Table 4. A comparison of independent versus dependent mobility outdoors according to patient characteristics and self-perceived difficulties.

	Independent mobility outdoors, n (%)	Dependent mobility outdoors, n (%)	Test and p-value
Sex
Male	22 (58)	16 (42)	χ^2 = 0.28, p = 0.64
Female	23 (64)	13 (36)
Pain
Never/seldom	16 (76)	5 (24)	χ^2 =  2.9, p = 0.12
Often/always	29 (55)	24 (45)
Depression
Never/seldom	34 (77)	10 (23)	χ^2 =  11.49, p = 0.001
Often/always	10 (37)	17 (63)
Occupation
Employed	25 (89)	3 (11)
Unemployed, student	12 (48)	13 (52)	χ^2 = 15.8, p < 0.001
Sick leave	8 (38)	13 (62)
Driver
Yes	29 (69)	13 (31)	χ^2 = 2.29, p = 0.15
No	16 (52)	15 (48)
Car – transfer problems
Yes	8 (35)	15 (65)	χ^2 = 9.49, p = 0.004
No	37 (73)	14 (27)
Bus – transfer problems
Yes	29 (60)	19 (40)	χ^2 = 0.03, p = 1.0
No	15 (63)	9 (37)
Tram – transfer problems
Yes	29 (60)	19 (40)	χ^2 = 0.03, p = 1.0
No	15 (63)	9 (37)
Train – transfer problems
Yes	27 (56)	21 (44)	χ^2 = 1.73, p = 0.22
No	18 (72)	7 (28)
Ferry – transfer problems
Yes	19 (54)	16 (46)	χ^2 = 1.14, p = 0.34
No	24 (68)	12 (33)

Transfer problems = difficulties in transferring to or from a car (e.g., getting from the house to the parking lot) and in getting into or out of a car. Some sums vary due to missing data (n = 71–74).