Structural validity and construct validity of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS^® physical function-upper extremity version 2.0 item bank in Dutch patients with upper extremity injuries

Figures & data

Table 1. PROMIS physical function - upper extremity v2.0 item bank.

PROMIS upper extremity

46 items • 42 items specifically addressed to UE function. • 4 recently added items addressing UE function. Timeframe: none, but current status is inferred. Two different 5-point Likert response scales: • Unable to do/With much difficulty/With some difficulty/With a little difficulty/Without any difficulty • Cannot do/Quite a lot/Somewhat/Very little/Not at all Higher scores indicate better function: 0 (not able to do anything) to 100 (no disability at all)

Table 2. Legacy instruments.

DASH	30 items (addressed to disabilities and symptoms in musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs). Timeframe: during the last week. Six different 5-point Likert response scales: • No difficulty/Mild difficulty/Moderate difficulty/Severe difficulty/Unable • Not at all/Slightly/Moderately/Quite a bit/Extremely • Not limited at all/Slightly limited/Moderately limited/Very limited/Unable • None/Mild/Moderate/Severe/Extreme • No difficulty/Mild difficulty/Moderate difficulty/Severe difficulty/So much difficulty that I can’t sleep • Strongly disagree/Disagree/Neither agree or disagree/Agree/Strongly agree. Higher scores imply more disability: 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability).
PRWE	15 items (addressed to pain and function in patients with wrist fractures). The function subscale contains two sections; specific activities and usual activities. Timeframe: during the last week. Two different 11-point response scales: • Pain: 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain) • Function: 0 (no disability) to 10 (most disability) Higher scores imply worse outcome: 0 (no disability and no pain) to 100 (most disability and unbearable pain).
MHQ-ADL	17 items (addressed to activities of daily living). Timeframe: during the last week. One 5-point Likert response scale: • Not difficult at all/A little difficult/Somewhat difficult/Moderately difficult/Very difficult. Higher scores imply less disability: 0 (Very difficult to do) to 100 (not difficult to do at all).

Figure 1. Sample size, inclusions and exclusions.

Table 3. Demographic and clinical characteristics (n = 303).

Age
Mean	50.07	(SD 17.5)
Range	18–93
	N	Percentage
Gender
Male	159	52%
Female	144	48%
Employment status
Fulltime	141	47%
Part-time	55	18%
Student	20	7%
Unpaid, volunteer or household	13	4%
Retired	49	16%
Unemployed	6	2%
Other	19	6%
Injury influence on employment status
Remained the same, no large influence	174	57%
Modified work, function remained	59	20%
Other function	7	2%
Unemployed	31	10%
Called in sick at work	32	11%
Current compensation claim
Yes	50	17%
No	253	83%
Dominant hand
Left-handed	41	14%
Right-handed	258	85%
Ambidextrous	4	1%
Treatment
Conservative	217	72%
Surgery	86	28%

Figure 2. Types of injury, pie-chart ratio.

Table 4. T-scores (n = 303).

	Mean	SD
PROMIS UE v2.0	33.4	9.1
DASH	35.5	22.1
PRWE Function	26.0	15.8
PRWE Pain	20.9	14.0
PRWE Total	46.9	27.1
MHQ-ADL^a	57.4	34.8

^aMHQ-ADL total scores per injured side (right sided, left sided or both sides injured).