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Education and Training

Fostering positive attitudes towards interacting with young people with disability among health students: a stepped-wedge trial

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1212-1219 | Received 11 Aug 2022, Accepted 16 Mar 2023, Published online: 26 Apr 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic of student mentor responses to Disability Discomfort Scale questionnaire across stepped wedge design. Each ‘step’ is 3 months in duration. There are 8 assessment points (T0 to T7) and assessments occur at the start of each new step. Light shading represents the control period. Dark shading represents the intervention period. Data were not collected from student mentors at T0.

A box-shaped schematic of the stepped wedge design showing the control and treatment phases for four clusters named A, B, C and D over the eight times named T0 to T7 at which data were collected. Cluster A started the intervention phase at T1, cluster B at T2, cluster C at T3, and cluster D at T4. No data were collected from student mentors at T0. Data were collected from 132 mentors at T1, 135 mentors at T2, 55 mentors at T3, 73 mentors at T4, 47 mentors at T5, 52 mentors at T6 and 90 mentors at T7.
Figure 1. Schematic of student mentor responses to Disability Discomfort Scale questionnaire across stepped wedge design. Each ‘step’ is 3 months in duration. There are 8 assessment points (T0 to T7) and assessments occur at the start of each new step. Light shading represents the control period. Dark shading represents the intervention period. Data were not collected from student mentors at T0.

Figure 2. Flow of student mentors through the trial.

A flowchart of how mentors progressed through the trial. Expressions of interest were received from 549 students, of whom 226 agreed to be mentors. For various reasons, 47 mentors withdrew after enrolment and before induction training. One hundred and seventy-nine students completed induction training. For various reasons, 56 mentors withdrew after training and before commencing FitSkills. One hundred and twenty-three mentors commenced FitSkills, 37 in cluster A, 20 in cluster B, 38 in cluster C and 28 in cluster D. For various reasons, 4 mentors withdrew after FitSkills commenced. One hundred and nineteen mentors completed FitSkills.
Figure 2. Flow of student mentors through the trial.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of student mentors who consented to complete the disability discomfort scale (n = 207).

Figure 3. Box plots with jitter plots (using small random jitter variation) of Time (x-axis) vs. Discomfort Scale scores (y-axis) shown in separate panels for Clusters 1 to 4. In each boxplot, the bottom and top edges indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles respectively. The line within each box indicates the median Discomfort Scales score. The whiskers extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range to the most extreme scores. Scores lying beyond the whiskers are outliers (red crosses). Cluster 1 was exposed to the intervention at T1, Cluster 2 at T2, Cluster 3 at T3 and Cluster 4 at T4.

Four square panels, one each for Cluster A, B, C and D. Each square panel shows the data points for mentors in that cluster superimposed by a boxplot at seven times named T1 to T7. For each cluster, the boxplot shows a drop in discomfort scores after FitSkills commenced. Seventeen outlier data points, mostly in Clusters A, B and C are marked as red crosses.
Figure 3. Box plots with jitter plots (using small random jitter variation) of Time (x-axis) vs. Discomfort Scale scores (y-axis) shown in separate panels for Clusters 1 to 4. In each boxplot, the bottom and top edges indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles respectively. The line within each box indicates the median Discomfort Scales score. The whiskers extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range to the most extreme scores. Scores lying beyond the whiskers are outliers (red crosses). Cluster 1 was exposed to the intervention at T1, Cluster 2 at T2, Cluster 3 at T3 and Cluster 4 at T4.

Figure 4. Interaction plots between some considered moderators and their effects on predicted values of the outcome variable (log of discomfort scores) when passing from control (treatment/time since treatment = 0) to immediately after treatment (time since treatment = 1) and subsequent 3-month interval follow-ups. The bars on either extreme are 95% confidence intervals.

There are five interaction plots. Each plot represents a moderator. From left to right and top to bottom these moderators are previous disability experience, credit towards university course, course of enrolment, whether the young person had complex disability, and gender. All interaction plots show decreases in discomfort scores between baseline and treatment for each of the moderators.
Figure 4. Interaction plots between some considered moderators and their effects on predicted values of the outcome variable (log of discomfort scores) when passing from control (treatment/time since treatment = 0) to immediately after treatment (time since treatment = 1) and subsequent 3-month interval follow-ups. The bars on either extreme are 95% confidence intervals.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.