The role of scale in integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation in cities

Figures & data

Table 1. Participating organizations.

Copenhagen, Denmark	Helsinki, Finland
City administration
Technical and Environmental Administration - Parks and Nature Department	Administration Centre
Technical and Environmental Administration - Parks and Nature Department, Skt. Kjeld's project office	Helen Oy
Technical and Environmental Administration - Centre for Urban Design	Economic and Planning Centre
Finance Administration	Building Control Department
HOFOR water utilities	City Planning Department
	Procurement Centre
	Public Works Department
	Environment Centre
	Real Estate Department, Geotechnics
Regional
Danish Portal for Adaptation to Climate Change/Ministry of the Environment	Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority
	River Vantaa and Helsinki region water protection association (regional NGO)
	Helsinki Regional Transport Authority
Research
Univ. of Copenhagen - Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management	VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Aalborg University-Copenhagen - Department of Development and Planning	Aalto University
The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) - The Information Centre for Climate Change Adaptation
Consulting
NIRAS	GAIA Group

Figure 1. Scales of social organizations, adapted from Cash et al. (2006).

Figure 2. Mitigation affecting adaptation: synergies in Copenhagen across scales (circles with lines inside).

Figure 3. Adaptation affecting mitigation: synergies in Copenhagen across scales (circles with lines inside).

Figure 4. Adaptation affecting mitigation: conflicts in Copenhagen across scales (black circles).

Figure 5. Mitigation affecting adaptation: conflict in Helsinki across scales (black circles).

Figure 6. Adaptation affecting mitigation: trade-off in Helsinki across scales (scattered circles).

Figure 7. Adaptation affecting mitigation: synergy in Helsinki across scales (circles with lines inside).

Cash, D. W., W. N. Adger, F. Berkes, P. Garden, L. Lebel, P. Olsson, L. Pritchard, and O. Young. 2006. “Scale and Cross-Scale Dynamics: Governance and Information in a Multilevel World.” Ecology and Society 11 (2): 8. https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art8/main.html

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar