Supporting environmental protection in good and bad economic circumstances

Figures & data

Table 1. Environmental protection in good and bad economic circumstances, GLES data.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Lagged Dependent Variable	0.663*** (0.010)	0.659*** (0.010)	0.662*** (0.010)	0.658*** (0.010)	−0.005 (0.013)
Leftist Ideology	0.085*** (0.006)	0.085*** (0.006)	0.054*** (0.014)	0.053*** (0.014)	−0.018 (0.024)
Income	−0.007^+ (0.004)	−0.009* (0.004)	−0.037** (0.013)	−0.040** (0.013)	−0.063* (0.029)
Leftist Ideology × Income			0.005* (0.002)	0.005* (0.002)	0.009* (0.004)
Female		0.098*** (0.021)		0.099*** (0.021)
Age		−0.001 (0.001)		−0.001 (0.001)
Education		0.029** (0.010)		0.029** (0.010)
Religion		0.004 (0.023)		0.005 (0.023)
Constant	0.969*** (0.074)	0.888*** (0.087)	1.175*** (0.113)	1.102*** (0.122)	4.719*** (0.206)
Observations	15,055	15,010	15,055	15,010	15,055
State Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Individual Fixed Effects	No	No	No	No	Yes
Wave Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

⁺p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Robust standard errors clustered on individual in parentheses.

Figure 1. Marginal effect of Leftist Ideology on support for environmental protection, GLES data.

Graph displays marginal effect of Leftist Ideology on the GLES dependent variable for values of Income; dashed lines signify 90% confidence interval; marginal effect of 0 marked by horizontal dotted line.

Table 2. Environmental protection in good and bad economic circumstances, CES data.

	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8	Model 9	Model 10	Model 11
Leftist Ideology	0.363*** (0.006)	0.339*** (0.006)	0.493*** (0.005)	0.465*** (0.005)	0.073*** (0.002)	0.067*** (0.002)
Income	−0.070*** (0.003)	−0.076*** (0.003)	−0.079*** (0.002)	−0.079*** (0.002)	−0.035*** (0.001)	−0.034*** (0.001)
Leftist Ideology × Income	0.025*** (0.001)	0.025*** (0.001)	0.024*** (0.001)	0.024*** (0.001)	0.010*** (0.000)	0.010*** (0.000)
Female		0.009 (0.006)		−0.137*** (0.005)		−0.048*** (0.002)
Age		−0.001*** (0.000)		−0.001*** (0.000)		0.000** (0.000)
Education		0.046*** (0.002)		0.033*** (0.002)		0.006*** (0.001)
Religion		−0.196*** (0.008)		−0.119*** (0.006)		−0.021*** (0.002)
Non-Whites		−0.024** (0.008)		0.116*** (0.007)		0.003 0.003
Constant	2.329*** (0.033)	2.335*** (0.035)	2.426*** (0.030)	2.470*** (0.032)	0.525*** (0.011)	0.545*** (0.012)
Observations	137,303	137,253	133,952	133,943	197,427	175,906
State Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Wave Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Note: ⁺p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Robust standard errors clustered on individual in parentheses.

Table 3. Environmental protection in good and bad economic circumstances, EB data.

	Model 12	Model 13
Lagged Dependent Variable	0.721*** (0.084)	0.664*** (0.076)
Leftist Ideology	−0.173* (0.084)	−0.153^+ (0.084)
GDP per capita (ln)	−0.108* (0.053)	−0.084 (0.056)
Leftist Ideology × GDP per capita (ln)	0.018* (0.009)	0.016^+ (0.009)
Disaster Fatalities (ln)		0.002 (0.001)
Population (ln)		0.048 (0.056)
Greens in Parliament		0.003* (0.002)
Democracy		0.003 (0.005)
Constant	1.010* (0.511)	−0.122 (1.333)
Observations	514	514
Country Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes
Year Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes

⁺p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 Robust standard errors clustered on country in parentheses.