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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 22, 2015 - Issue 7
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Articles

Like father, like son: negotiation of masculinity in the ethnographic context in Hong Kong

Pages 937-953 | Received 23 Apr 2013, Accepted 19 Feb 2014, Published online: 04 Jun 2014
 

Abstract

Feminist geographers have indicated that ethnographic research is an inter-subjective process constructed in relation to the intersection between the gender and other social dimensions of both the researcher and the informants relevant to the field. In particular, the matching and adaptation of masculinities in the research context is a complex methodological issue that receives relatively little attention. Using my fieldwork experience, this article builds on the contribution of feminist geographers to discuss how my masculine self-presentation was negotiated with the research topic, the caring masculinity endorsed among my middle-aged male informants, the sociocultural milieu and my positionalities and bodily representations in producing collaborative ethnographic data. My young age and doctoral student status, combined with my ‘soft and meek’ self-presentation, produced wen masculinity within the Chinese cultural context, which facilitated the paradoxical reception of me as both a son and a consultant in the men's groups. This masculine embodiment not only facilitated our rapport but also signified my cultural competence to participate in decision-making and activist activities in the discussion groups, which brought me to some unexpected research lands. The effect of my masculine embodiment on the ethnographic research process indicates that fieldwork is not only situated in a place but is also itself a space constructed through cultural understanding of social interactions and embodied gender representations.

Como padre, como hijo: negociación de la masculinidad en el contexto etnográfico en Hong Kong

Lxs geógrafxs feministas han indicado que la investigación etnográfica es un proceso intersubjetivo construido en relación con la intersección entre el género y otras dimensiones sociales tanto del/la investigador/a y de lxs informantes relevantes en el campo. En particular, la coincidencia y adaptación de masculinidades en el contexto de la investigación es un tema metodológico complejo que recibe relativamente poca atención. Utilizando mi experiencia de trabajo de campo, este artículo se basa en la contribución de geógrafxs feministas para discutir cómo mi presentación masculina fue negociada con el tema de investigación, la masculinidad afectuosa avalada por mis informantes hombres de mediana edad, el contexto sociocultural, y mis posiciones y representaciones corporales en cuanto a la producción de datos etnográficos colaborativos. Mi corta edad y mi condición de estudiante de doctorado, combinado con mi presentación como “blando y tranquilo” produjo una masculinidad wen dentro del contexto cultural chino, lo cual facilitó mi recepción paradójica tanto de hijo y de consultor en los grupos de hombres. Esta encarnación masculina no sólo facilitó nuestro entendimiento sino también significó mi competencia cultural para participar en la toma de decisiones y las actividades activistas en los grupos de discusión, lo cual me llevó a algunas inesperadas conclusiones en la investigación. El efecto de mi encarnación masculina sobre el proceso de investigación etnográfica indica que el trabajo de campo no está solo situado en un lugar sino que es en sí mismo un espacio construido a través de una forma cultural de entender las interacciones sociales y las representaciones de género encarnadas.

有其父必有其子:香港民族志脉络中的男性气概协商

女性主义地理学者指出,民族志研究是有关研究者和与田野相关的参与者,在性别和其他社会面向多元交织所建构的互为主体过程。特别的是,在研究的脉络中结合并调适男性气概,是一个相对而言鲜少受到关注的复杂研究方法议题。本文运用我的田野工作经验,以女性主义地理学者的贡献为立基,探讨我的男性气概自我呈现,如何在生产协作式的民族志资料中,与研究主题、我的中年男性受访者所认可的体贴男性气概、社会文化氛围,以及我的位置性和身体再现进行协商。我的年轻年龄及博士生的身份,结合我 “柔软且温顺” 的自我呈现,生产了中国文化脉络中的 “文人” 男性气概,并促进男性群体对我同时作为儿子和咨询者的矛盾感受。此般男性气概的体现,不仅促进了我们之间的交往,同时彰显了我参与至讨论群体的决策和行动的文化能力,并将我引领至一些意想不到的研究结论。我的男性气概体现对于民族志研究过程的影响,指出田野工作并不仅只是身处一地,更是一个透过对于社会互动的文化理解与体现的性别再现所建构的空间。

Acknowledgements

I have benefited from the insightful comments from Jeanne Marecek in the writing process. I would also like to thank Isabella Ng for her encouragement in developing this piece of work. I am grateful to the editorial board of Gender, Place and Culture, in particular Robyn Longhurst and Pamela Moss, and the three anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions on earlier drafts. Last but not least, I feel indebted to my informants; without their generous help, the study would not have been possible.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mario Liong

Mario Liong is a post-doctoral researcher at the Umeå Centre for Gender Studies at Umeå University. His research interests include the critical study of men and masculinities, gender and family, ethnography, popular culture and sexualities. He is currently working on a monograph on Chinese fatherhood based on his fieldwork in Hong Kong.

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