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Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 23, 2016 - Issue 2
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Articles

Vulnerable geographies: human trafficking, immigration and border control in the UK and beyond

Pages 181-197 | Received 27 Mar 2013, Accepted 20 Sep 2014, Published online: 12 Mar 2015
 

Abstract

Human trafficking inspires strong responses from feminists and other interested parties. This article takes the UK anti-trafficking measures as a case study to explore the interaction between discourses of trafficked women's vulnerability to sexual harm, and national vulnerability to external threats such as organized crime. Drawing on feminist engagements with human trafficking and commercial sex, my aim is to contribute to these debates. I explore how the government's moralistic response to trafficking reflects a particular form of regulation that animates new systems of governmentality and biopower. Against this backdrop I attempt to advance feminist perspectives on trafficking by demonstrating the relationality between UK anti-trafficking measures, and its plans to reorganize its regulatory capacity overseas. I suggest an interpretation of UK overseas anti-trafficking measures that foregrounds respatialized border and immigration controls. I show how this kind of regulation works on and through the bodies and behaviours of government actors. I conclude that while aspects of these overseas interventions do go some way to protect trafficked women, they do not operate in isolation of other geopolitical agendas.

Geografías vulnerables: tráfico de personas, inmigración y control de fronteras en el Reino Unido y más allá

El tráfico de personas inspira respuestas fuertes de parte de lxs feministxs y otras partes interesadas. Este artículo toma las medidas antitráfico del Reino Unido como un estudio de caso para estudiar la interacción entre los discursos de vulnerabilidad al daño sexual de las mujeres traficadas, y la vulnerabilidad nacional a las amenazas externas tales como el crimen organizado. Basándome en el involucramiento feminista con el tráfico de personas y de comercio sexual mi objetivo es contribuir a estos debates. Exploro cómo la respuesta moralista del gobierno al tráfico refleja una forma particular de regulación que estimula a los nuevos sistemas de gobermentalidad y biopoder. Con este telón de fondo intento progresar en perspectivas feministas sobre el tráfico demostrando la relación entre las medidas antitráfico del Reino Unido, y sus planes para reorganizar su capacidad regulatoria en el exterior. Sugiero una interpretación de las medidas antitráfico del Reino Unido en el exterior que destaca los controles de frontera e inmigratorios re-espacializados. Muestro cómo este tipo de regulación trabaja sobre y a través de los cuerpos y los comportamientos de los actores del gobierno. Concluyo que mientras los aspectos de estas intervenciones en el exterior protegen en cierta medida a mujeres traficadas, no operan de forma aislada de otras agendas geopolíticas.

脆弱的地理:英国以及他处的人口贩运、移民与边界控管

人口贩运,引发了女性主义者及其他相关团体的强烈回应。本文以英国的反人口贩运措施作为研究案例,探讨有关受到贩运的女性之于性侵害的脆弱性,与国家之于诸如组织犯罪等外在威胁的脆弱性之论述间的互动。我运用女性主义对人口贩运以及商业性交易的涉入,旨在对上述辩论作出贡献。我探讨政府对于人口贩运的道德回应,如何反映出驱动新的治理术与生命权力系统的特定规范形式。于此,我透过证明英国的反人口贩运措施,以及英国再组织其海外控管能力之计画之间的关係性,企图以此推进女性主义对人口贩运的视角。我提出对英国打击海外人口贩运措施之诠释,该诠释凸显出边界的再空间化与移民控制。我呈现此般规范,如何透过政府行动者的身体及施为、并于其身上作用之。我于结论中主张,儘管这些海外介入行动之面向,的确在某种层面保护了遭受人口贩运的女性,但其操作却无法独立于其他的地缘政治议程之外。

Acknowledgements

I presented an earlier draft of this article at the Robert Schuman Centre for Global Governance, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. I am grateful to Anne Thies for the invitation to participate in that debate and to the audience for their feedback. Thanks is also due to Paula-Irene Villa at the Institut für Soziologie and Gender studies LMU for hosting me while I wrote this article, and to my three anonymous referees for their feedback and encouragement. And without question I thank Rolf Laber.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sharron A. FitzGerald

Sharron A. FitzGerald is a critical feminist geographer. Her research background is in interdisciplinary feminist approaches to law and policy responses to irregular migration. She has published widely in the field of human trafficking. She has taught feminist geography in a variety of international contexts. Currently, she is based in Ludwig-Maximilian Universität, Munich.

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