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Notes
Statements of fact and opinion are those of the author and do not imply endorsement by the Government of Finland.
Common Strategy of the European Union on Russia, Official Journal L157/1, 24 June 1999, Part I.
The literature is already a legion; see, for example, Averre (Citation2005), Emerson (Citation2006) and Prozorov (Citation2006).
For a balanced account, see Lucas (Citation2008, pp. 29–38).
Ivanov's accusations of a bias in the Western media became one of the mainstays in Russia's attempts at deflecting criticism; see also Thornhill (Citation2000b).
The atrocities have been discussed in, for example, Mendelson (Citation2002) and Weiler (Citation2004, ch. 5).
European Council, European Council in Helsinki, 10–11 December 1999, Declaration on Chechnya.
European Report No. 2468, 22 January 2000.
European Report No. 2469, 26 January 2000.
European Report No. 2469, 26 January 2000.
For a recent overview of the different sanction instruments at the Union's disposal, see Portela (Citation2007).
The price of crude had risen from less than $10 per barrel in 1998—a significant background factor to the August 1998 financial crisis in Russia—to nearly $30 by 2000 (Energy Information Administration, EIA, available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/AOMC/Overview.html, last accessed 20 October 2008).
European Report No. 2469, 26 January 2000.
European Report No. 2466, 15 January 2000.
Portuguese EU Presidency, Declaration by the Presidency on Behalf of the European Union on the Election of Mr. Vladimir Putin as President of Russia, 27 March 2000.
EU–Russia Cooperation Council, EU–Russia Cooperation Council, Conclusions, 10 April 2000.
For discussion of the Russian press reactions see Black (Citation2004, pp. 43–44).
‘Putin Pledge on Chechnya Welcomed by EU Envoys’, International Herald Tribune, 8 April 2000.
European Council, European Council in Santa Maria da Feira, 19–20 June 2000, Conclusions of the Presidency.
European Report No. 2516, 12 July 2000.