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Abstract
The essay investigates the revisionism of great powers, namely Russia, the United States and China. We study intermestic configurations, linking domestic populism, the presidential power of national leaders as expressed by their strategic narratives, and each state’s international revisionist posture. In each case, we identify a different style of revisionism: Russia’s ‘guerrilla’ great power revisionism, the Trumpian anti-doctrine revisionism, and China’s revisionist quest for power and status. We argue that the different revisionist trajectories of these great powers contribute to the multifaceted and uneven unmaking of global liberal internationalism and liberal norms rather than to a coherent revisionist challenge.
Notes
1 For the original articulation, see Freedman (Citation2006).
2 See Hynek and Karmazin in this collection.
3 ‘Putin Deplores Collapse of USSR’, BBC News, 25 April 2005, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4480745.stm, accessed 1 August 2019.
4 Putin’s and Medvedev’s arguments about true European or civilisational values may vary as well as they may be rather unclear and general. They may refer to ‘high culture’ of great novels, the Christian religion or social cohesion. For a deeper discussion of this issues see, for example, White and Feklyunina (Citation2014) and Tsygankov (Citation2016).
5 See Allison in this special issue.
6 See, ‘When Will Russia Become the World’s Fifth Biggest Economy? Don’t Ask Vladimir Putin’, Meduza, 8 May 2018, available at: https://meduza.io/en/short/2018/05/08/when-will-russia-become-the-world-s-fifth-biggest-economy-don-t-ask-vladimir-putin, accessed 11 May 2020.
7 On monetisation and the expansion of the dynastic family brand, see, ‘How Donald Trump is Monetising His Presidency’, The Economist, 20 July 2017, available at: https://www.economist.com/business/2017/07/20/how-donald-trump-is-monetising-his-presidency, accessed 1 November 2018.
8 ‘Donald Trump and the Self-Made Sham’, New York Times editorial, 2 October 2018; also cf. Geist (Citation1984).
9 For a critique, see Klein (Citation2008).
10 See also Hameiri and Jones (Citation2016, Citation2018).
11 ‘Spotlight: AIIB Should Become Platform for Cooperation between US, China—Bank Chief’, Xinhua, 26 April 2017, available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-04/26/c_136235770.htm, accessed 1 November 2018.
12 ‘Spotlight: AIIB Should Become Platform for Cooperation between US, China—Bank Chief’, Xinhua, 26 April 2017, available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-04/26/c_136235770.htm, accessed 1 November 2018; ‘AIIB is Multilateral Development Bank Operating by Int’l Standards: AIIB President’, Xinhua, 17 January 2018, available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-01/17/c_136902044.htm, accessed 1 November 2018.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Aleš Karmazin
Aleš Karmazin, Department of Asian Studies, Metropolitan University Prague, Dubecska 10, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic. Email: [email protected]
Nik Hynek
Nik Hynek, Department of International Relations and European Studies, Metropolitan University Prague, Dubecska 10, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic. Email: [email protected]