Transnational Links and Political Attitudes: Young People in Russia

Figures & data

FIGURE 1. Transnational Exposure by Region (Russia 2018–2019)

FIGURE 2. Count of Transnational Exposure (Russia 2018–2019)

TABLE 1 Factors Determining Transnational Links with … 

	Dependent variable
	FSU	Asia	EU	US/Canada	Transnational count
	logistic	logistic	logistic	logistic	Poisson
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Year 2019				1.157
				(0.094)
Age group			0.926		0.951**
			(0.051)		(0.017)
Gender	1.260**	0.795**	0.844
	(0.075)	(0.074)	(0.098)
Wealth	1.051	1.266***	1.104*	1.260***	1.147***
	(0.032)	(0.032)	(0.042)	(0.042)	(0.014)
Education	1.192***	1.341***	1.119*	1.353***	1.197***
	(0.037)	(0.038)	(0.053)	(0.050)	(0.017)
Moscow/St Petersburg	1.590***	1.820***	1.803***	1.301**	1.592***
	(0.075)	(0.074)	(0.101)	(0.096)	(0.033)
Children		0.772***
		(0.075)
Constant	0.109***	0.051***	0.061***	0.017***	0.278***
	(0.169)	(0.175)	(0.232)	(0.238)	(0.077)
Observations	3,970	3,970	3,970	3,970	3,970
Log Likelihood	−2,196.579	−2,253.165	−1,467.168	−1,521.852	−5,788.394
Akaike Inf. Crit.	4,403.158	4,518.330	2,946.337	3,053.703	11,586.790

Note: *p < 0.1; **p<0. 01; ***p < 0.001.

FIGURE 3. With a Country from which Region in the World would you most like Russia to have a Closer Relationship?

Note: Data from survey of 2,000 Russians, aged 16–34.

FIGURE 4. With which ONE Country in the World would you most like Russia to have a Closer Relationship?

Note: Data from survey of 2,000 Russians, aged 16–34.

TABLE 2 Russia Should Have Closer Relations with … 

	Dependent variable
	FSU	Asia	EU	US/Canada
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Year 2019		0.719***	0.845	1.442***
		(0.078)	(0.102)	(0.089)
Age group		1.104*	0.873*	0.796***
		(0.041)	(0.055)	(0.049)
Gender	1.308*	0.846*		1.341**
	(0.109)	(0.079)		(0.090)
Wealth			1.067	1.105**
			(0.044)	(0.038)
Education		0.924	1.104	1.076
		(0.040)	(0.056)	(0.048)
Moscow/St Petersburg	1.415**	0.682***
	(0.112)	(0.079)
Religious frequency	1.099*	1.057		0.851***
	(0.045)	(0.034)		(0.039)
Links to FSU	1.977***
	(0.117)
Parent born FSU	2.004***
	(0.125)
Links to Asia		1.205
		(0.111)
Links to EU			2.164***
			(0.104)
Links to US/Canada				1.637***
				(0.120)
Russian TV	1.297*	1.293**		0.656***
	(0.110)	(0.080)		(0.093)
Constant	0.056***	0.386***	0.091***	0.190***
	(0.139)	(0.152)	(0.238)	(0.211)
Observations	3,109	3,647	3,647	3,647
Log Likelihood	−1,146.634	−2,000.017	−1,344.130	−1,634.707
Akaike Inf. Crit.	2,307.268	4,018.034	2,700.260	3,287.414

Note: *p < 0.1; **p<0. 01; ***p < 0.001.

TABLE 3 Foreign Policy Attitudes: Closer Relationship with … 

	Dependent variable
	OECD countries	Polity Score
	logistic	ordered logistic
	(1)	(2)
Year 2019	1.398***	1.184*
	(0.082)	(0.071)
Age group	0.830***	0.883**
	(0.044)	(0.038)
Wealth	1.107**	1.073*
	(0.035)	(0.030)
Moscow/St Petersburg		1.130
		(0.073)
Gender
Education
Children	0.693***	0.758***
	(0.092)	(0.082)
Religious frequency	0.838***	0.886***
	(0.035)	(0.030)
Links to FSU or Asia	0.769**
Links to US/Canada or EU	1.675***	1.430***
	(0.087)	(0.074)
Constant	1.362
	(0.184)
Observations	2,554	2,542
Log Likelihood	−1,682.320
Akaike Inf. Crit.	3,380.640

Note: *p < 0.1; **p<0. 01; ***p < 0.001.

TABLE 4 Domestic Political Attitudes and Behaviour: Russia 2018–2019

	Dependent variable
	Protest legitimate	Protest participation	Vote Putin
	ordered logistic	logistic	logistic
	(1)	(2)	(3)
Year 2019	1.164	1.443*
	(0.078)	(0.144)
Age group	0.901*	0.839*
	(0.044)	(0.069)
Wealth			1.077
			(0.044)
Moscow/St Petersburg
Gender	1.691***	1.364*	0.565***
	(0.078)	(0.145)	(0.106)
Education	1.150***		0.843**
	(0.040)		(0.058)
Children	0.858		1.267*
	(0.087)		(0.106)
Religious frequency	0.774***		1.277***
	(0.033)		(0.046)
Links to FSU or Asia
Links to US/Canada or EU	1.538***	1.639***	0.571***
	(0.079)	(0.144)	(0.110)
Constant		0.095***	2.443***
		(0.222)	(0.246)
Observations	2,824	2,214	1,761
Log Likelihood		−705.559	−1,076.000
Akaike Inf. Crit.		1,421.118	2,166.001

Note: *p < 0.1; **p<0. 01; ***p < 0.001.

TABLE 5 Trust in Key State Institutions: Russia 2018–2019

	Dependent variable
	President	Governor	Media	Army	Church	NGOs	Security forces
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Year 2019	0.539***	0.874*	0.804***	0.741***	0.879*	0.980	0.798***
	(0.061)	(0.063)	(0.061)	(0.062)	(0.063)	(0.064)	(0.062)
Age group	0.945	0.938	1.111**	1.026	1.089*	0.912*	0.922*
	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.037)	(0.035)
Gender	0.885*	0.877*	0.880*	1.083	0.877*	0.596***	0.800***
	(0.062)	(0.065)	(0.063)	(0.063)	(0.065)	(0.066)	(0.064)
Wealth	1.077**	1.147***	1.115***	1.088**	1.070*	1.067*	1.080**
	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.028)	(0.027)
Education	0.892***	0.918*	0.849***	0.818***	0.795***	0.853***	0.854***
	(0.032)	(0.034)	(0.033)	(0.033)	(0.034)	(0.035)	(0.033)
Moscow/St Petersburg	1.040	0.882*	0.883*	0.890	1.036	1.022	0.847**
	(0.062)	(0.064)	(0.063)	(0.063)	(0.065)	(0.066)	(0.063)
Children	1.212**	1.058	1.316***	1.312***	1.321***	1.202*	1.229**
	(0.069)	(0.071)	(0.070)	(0.070)	(0.072)	(0.073)	(0.070)
Religious frequency	2.537***	1.801***	2.224***	2.404***	8.462***	1.369***	2.245***
	(0.070)	(0.072)	(0.070)	(0.071)	(0.080)	(0.072)	(0.071)
Links to FSU or Asia	1.221**	1.138	0.931	1.127	0.968	1.067	1.022
	(0.066)	(0.069)	(0.067)	(0.067)	(0.069)	(0.070)	(0.068)
Links to US/Canada or EU	0.695***	0.769***	0.811**	0.752***	0.691***	0.909	0.756***
	(0.067)	(0.069)	(0.067)	(0.068)	(0.070)	(0.070)	(0.068)
Observations	3,630	3,451	3,667	3,670	3,554	3,636	3,661

Note: *p < 0.1; **p<0. 01; ***p < 0.001.