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Abstract
Rural tourism is an important development strategy for some rural areas. Landscape is central to the visitor's tourism experience. While the literature suggests that some rural landscape features are likely to attract visitors, research on the impact of landscape on the rural tourism experience is rather limited, and often confined to studies supported by visual stimuli (e.g. photos), ignoring the impact of the direct contact of visitors with the territory. This study overcomes some of these limitations by assessing visitors’ perceptions of the rural landscapes based on two villages in Portugal, while visitors were still in the villages. Vegetation type and colour, and built heritage, emerge as key experience elements for tourists, but they were followed by a complex group of largely non-visual stimuli, including sounds, smells, tastes, people contact, “nature” in its wider sense, and the past. The potential for sustainable tourism development based on this rich array of key elements is addressed, along with the need for action at all levels to bring together tourism and landscape management in an integrated way for marketing, product development and conservation purposes. Differences among groups of visitors are noted, suggesting that different groups of visitors require different approaches.
景观和乡村旅游经历：确认主要的要素，讨论将来的发展潜力和问题
在一些农村地区，乡村旅游是一个很重要的发展战略。景观是游客旅游体验的核心。虽然文献表明，一些农村景观特性可能会吸引游客，但研究景观对乡村旅游体验的影响相当有限，而且常常局限于由视觉刺激(如照片)方面的研究，而忽略了游客直接接触的影响。本研究通过评估仍在村庄的游客对两个葡萄牙村庄乡村景观的一些看法来克服这些限制。植被类型和颜色、遗产建立，成为游客的关键体验元素。但它们之后主要是无视觉刺激的一个复杂群体，包括声音、气味、味道、人们的联系以及在更广泛意义上与过去相关的“自然”。 旅游业可持续发展的潜力基于这种丰富的关键要素阵列，以及在各级采取行动，集合旅游及景观管理并以综合的方式进行市场营销、产品开发和保护的需要。游客群体之间的差异指出，不同游客群体需要不同的方法。
Acknowledgements
This article is a result of the ORTE Project (Ref.: PTDC/CS-GEO/104894/2008), financed by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (co-financed by COMPETE, QREN and FEDER). See http://cms.ua.pt/orte.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1. See also http://cms.ua.pt/orte for details about the ORTE Project.
2. For more information about the software, see www.webqda.pt and/or Neri de Souza, F., Costa, A.P. & Moreira, A. (2010, May) WebQDA: Qualitative Data Analysis Software Supported by WebQDA. In P. Dias (Ed.) VII International Conference on Information and Communication Technology in Education – Challenges 2011, University of Minho: Braga, Portugal.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Maria João Carneiro
Maria João Aibéo Carneiro is an assistant professor of tourism at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, and researcher at the GOVCOPP Research Unit for Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies. She holds a degree in tourism management and planning from the University of Aveiro (1993), an MBA from the New University of Lisbon (1998) and a PhD in Tourism, also from the University of Aveiro (2007). She is vice director of the Bachelors Degree programme in tourism at the University of Aveiro. Her main research areas of interests are consumer behaviour in tourism and competitiveness and marketing of tourism destinations.
Joana Lima
Joana Inês Silva de Lima is lecturer at the University of Aveiro and researcher at the GOVCOPP Research Unit. She is completing her PhD in tourism at the University of Aveiro and holds a master's degree in tourism management and development. Her main research areas of interests are socio-economic impacts of tourism, social tourism and the tourist experience.
Ana Lavrador Silva
Ana Luísa Lavrador da Silva is a geographer and holds a PhD in arts and techniques from the Landscape (University of Évora, Portugal). She is a researcher at the CICS.NOVA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, Lisbon New University and her research focuses on landscape perceptions and representations.