The socio-economic impact of regional tourism: an occupation-based modelling perspective from Sweden

Figures & data

Figure 1. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient.

Table 1. Percentage changes of employment multipliers to previous year.

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2008 – 2016
Wholesale and retail trade (G45–47)	3.6%	−4.4%	−5.2%	1.6%	−0.4%	−5.0%	−4.4%	−2.4%	−15.7%
Accommodation and food (I55–56)	1.2%	0.4%	−4.9%	2.4%	−0.4%	−4.1%	−2.6%	−6.9%	−14.1%
Sporting services, amusement, recreation (R93)	0.3%	−4.0%	−6.1%	−2.8%	−3.7%	1.5%	−2.2%	−3.5%	−18.9%

Figure 2. Sectoral employment effects.

Figure 3. Lorenz curves of tourism-related sectors.

Figure 4. Gini coefficients for tourism-related sectors.

Figure 5. Top and bottom income earners in the accommodation and food sector.

Table 2. Occupational areas in the accommodation and food sector.

SSYK 2012	Description
1	Managers
11	Politician, CEO, Senior official
12	Manager in finance, HR, marketing, sales, administration
13	Manager in IT, logistics, research, real estate, construction
17	Manager in other service occupations
2	Occupations requiring advanced levels of higher education
23	Advanced qualification in education
24	Advanced qualification in finance and management
3	Occupations requiring higher education qualifications (or equivalent)
33	Qualification in finance and management
34	Qualification in culture, and social work
4	Administration and customer service clerks
41	General administrative support and keyboard clerks
42	Customer service
5	Service, care and shop sales workers
511	Travel attendant, conductor and guide
512	Cook
513	(Head-) waiter and bartender
515	Building and housekeeping supervisor
52	Sales in retail
53	Personal care
541	Protective security
7	Building and manufacturing workers
71	Construction and civil engineering
72	Metal and repair
761	Butcher, baker and food processor
8	Mechanical manufacturing and transport workers etc.
83	Driver and mobile plant operator
9	Elementary occupations
911	Domestic, hotel and office cleaner
941	Food preparation assistant
96	Refuse worker and newspaper distributor
0	Miscellaneous

Figure 6. Employment and income effects per occupational area.

Figure 7. Occupations with and without required higher education.

Figure 8. Employment and income effects for domestic, hotel and office cleaner (SSYK 911).