Haslea karadagensis (Bacillariophyta): a second blue diatom, recorded from the Black Sea and producing a novel blue pigment

Figures & data

Figs 1–4. Haslea karadagensis and H. ostrearia, LM. 1. Live cell of H. karadagensis. 2. Live cell of H. ostrearia. 3. Cleaned frustule of H. karadagensis. 4. Cleaned frustule of H. ostrearia. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Figs 5–9. Haslea karadagensis, SEM. 5. External view of an entire valve. 6. External view of valve centre, showing the longitudinal slits and the straight proximal raphe fissures. 7. Internal view of valve centre, showing the rectangular areolae and the straight proximal raphe ends. 8. External view of apex showing the ± straight distal ending, longitudinal slits, and the continuous peripheral slit. 9. Internal view of apex showing the straight helictoglossa and the rectangular areolae. Scale bars = 10 µm (Fig. 5) or 1 µm (Figs 6–9).

Table 1. Morphological data on Haslea karadagensis and H. ostrearia (this study), compared with those on H. ostrearia (or former Navicula ostrearia) and H. pseudostrearia obtained from the literature. When available from the literature, observed extremes are in bold. n.d. = no data.

Species	Source	Transapical stria density # in 10 µm	Longitudinal slit density # in 10 µm	Length (µm)	Width (µm)
H. karadagensis	present work (see Materials and methods)	31	58	52.5 ± 0.1^1	8 ± 0.0^1
				29–84 ^1	4.5–11 ^1
				18–97 ^2	4.5–11 ^2
H. ostrearia	present work (see Materials and methods)	35	53	81.0 ± 1.4^3	7.0 ± 0.2^3
				78–84 ^3	6.6–7.9 ^3
				16–143 ^2	4.5–9.5 ^2
Navicula fusiformis var. ostrearia	Grunow (1877)	36	n.d.	63–73	6–7
N. ostrearia	Peragallo & Peragallo, 1897–1908	36	n.d.	60–75	n.d.
N. ostrearia	Molisch (1903)	n.d.	n.d.	73.0^4	5.7^4
				62–89	5.3–6.8
N. ostrearia	Hustedt & Aleem (1951)	36	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
N. ostrearia	Proshkina-Lavrenko (1963)	33–36	n.d.	50–81	4.5–7.0
N. ostrearia	Hendey (1964)	28–30	n.d.	65–83	8
N. ostrearia	Robert (1973)	n.d.	n.d.	92.0 ± 1.5^5	8
				65–113	6–12
H. ostrearia	Snoeijs & Kasperovičienė (1996)	n.d.	n.d.	68.0	8.1
				50–80	5–10
H. ostrearia	Massé et al. (2001)	36	53	68–69	6.5–7.6
H. pseudostrearia	Massé et al. (2001)	34–36	42	37–43	6–7
^1Measurements made on natural populations (April and May 2008), values are means ± standard error (n = 1148), extremes in bold.
^2Extremes observed in different clonal cultures for both species (NCC and Karadag Culture collection).
^3Measurements made on a culture of the clone NCC 158.4, values are means ± standard error (n = 10).
^4Values are means ± standard error (n = 4) calculated from published data.
^5Value is given as mean, possibly ± standard deviation.

Figs 10, 11. Distribution of lengths and widths in Haslea karadagensis and H. ostrearia. 10. Values measured in natural populations of H. karadagensis collected between April and May 2008 (n = 1148 cells). 11. Relationship between mean values of width and length measured on the different clones of both species maintained in cultures. The equations of the fitting lines are: y = 0.01 x + 8.21 for H. karadagensis (n = 22, R²= 0.08), y = 0.03 x + 4.28 for H. ostrearia (n = 21, R²= 0.63). Also included are mean values from available literature for Haslea/Navicula ostrearia from (a) Molisch (1903), (b) Proshkina-Lavrenko (1963), (c) Robert (1973), (d) Massé et al. (2001).

Fig. 12. Absorbance spectra, from 200 to 800 nm, of the pigments released into the medium by H. ostrearia and H. karadagensis. Inset: detail of the absorbance spectra from 550 to 750 nm, with expanded vertical scale.

Fig. 13. Raman spectra at 514.5 nm, recorded using vegetative cells in exponential growth phase or gametes from H. karadagensis (HK) and H. ostrearia (HO). The laser was pointed at the coloured areas (apices of vegetative cells, gametes), or at the chloroplasts (vegetative cells).

Table 2. Summary of representative vibrational wavenumbers (cm⁻¹) observed by Raman spectroscopy for H. ostrearia apices and gametes, H. karadagensis apices and gametes, and the chloroplasts of both diatoms. The intensity of the signal is indicated as: vs, very strong; s, strong; m, medium; w, weak; vw, very weak. The most intense bands are shown in bold.

	Haslea ostrearia		Haslea karadagensis
Chloroplasts	Apex	Gamete	Apex	Gamete
	1650 (s)	1650 (s)	1650 (w)	1646 (w)
	1604 (m)	1608 (m)	1614 (m)	1615 (m)
	1573 (w)	1573 (w)	1570 (w)	1573 (w)
		1538 (m)
1527 (vs)	1520 (vs)	1512 (m)	1522 (vs)	1500–1540 (m)
	1462 (s)	1465 (s)	1465 (m)	1464 (w)
	1382 (vw)		1382 (vw)
			1347 (s)	1348 (s)
	1312 (m)	1318 (w)	1309 (vw)
	1294 (m)	1292 (m)	1271 (vw)	1271 (vw)
	1207 (m)	1203 (w)	1212 (m)	1209 (vw)
1162 (vs)	1158 (vs)	1167 (w)	1159 (vs)	1160 (m)
	1112 (vw)	1127 (w)	1122 (m)	1125 (m)
			1047 (vw)
	1016 (w)		1017 (w)
	889 (w)
	866 (w)	867 (vw)
	803 (vw)			808 (vw)
	495 (w)	498 (w)

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