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European Journal of Phycology Volume 55, 2020 - Issue 2
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Morphological and molecular investigation of Gomphonema longissimum and related taxa from Malili lakes (Indonesia) with comments on diatom evolution in ancient lakes

Maxim KulikovskiyК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-9669View further author information
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Dmitry KapustinК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaView further author information
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Anton GlushchenkoК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-3455View further author information
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Sergei SidelevRegional Center for Ecological Safety of Water Resources, Yaroslavl State University, Matrosova Street 9, Yaroslavl, 150057, RussiaView further author information
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Yevhen MaltsevК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaView further author information
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Evgeniy GusevК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaView further author information
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Elena KezlyaК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaView further author information
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Natalia ShkurinaК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaView further author information
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Irina KuznetsovaК.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, RussiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-8376View further author information
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Patrick KociolekMuseum of Natural History;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-7164View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Pages 147-161 | Received 25 Feb 2019, Accepted 04 Aug 2019, Published online: 12 Nov 2019

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Bayesian tree of Gomphonema longissimum (indicated in bold) constructed from a concatenated alignment of 78 partial rbcL and partial 18S rDNA sequences of 1771 characters. Values above the horizontal lines (slash) are bootstrap support from RAxML analyses (<50 are not shown); values below the horizontal lines (slash) are Bayesian posterior probabilities (<80 are not shown). All sequences have strain numbers (if available) and GenBank numbers. Species from Rhopalodiaceae were used as an outgroup. Families indicated according to Round et al. (Citation1990) with modification from Kulikovskiy et al. (Citation2016a). * is 100% statistical support.

Fig. 1. Bayesian tree of Gomphonema longissimum (indicated in bold) constructed from a concatenated alignment of 78 partial rbcL and partial 18S rDNA sequences of 1771 characters. Values above the horizontal lines (slash) are bootstrap support from RAxML analyses (<50 are not shown); values below the horizontal lines (slash) are Bayesian posterior probabilities (<80 are not shown). All sequences have strain numbers (if available) and GenBank numbers. Species from Rhopalodiaceae were used as an outgroup. Families indicated according to Round et al. (Citation1990) with modification from Kulikovskiy et al. (Citation2016a). * is 100% statistical support.

Figs 2–8. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Figs 2, 3. G. longissimum, natural population. Figs 4, 5. G. longissimum, strain Ind394. Figs 6–8. G. longissimum, strain Ind395. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figs 2–8. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Figs 2, 3. G. longissimum, natural population. Figs 4, 5. G. longissimum, strain Ind394. Figs 6–8. G. longissimum, strain Ind395. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figs 9, 10. Gomphonema angustissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 9, 10. Gomphonema angustissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 11–14. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 11. Whole valve. Fig. 12. Head pole. Fig. 13. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 14. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 11, 20 µm; Figs 12–14, 1 µm.

Figs 11–14. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 11. Whole valve. Fig. 12. Head pole. Fig. 13. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 14. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 11, 20 µm; Figs 12–14, 1 µm.

Figs 15–18. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 15. Whole valve. Fig. 16. Head pole. Fig. 17. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 18. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 15, 20 µm; Figs 16–18, 1 µm.

Figs 15–18. Gomphonema longissimum, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 15. Whole valve. Fig. 16. Head pole. Fig. 17. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 18. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 15, 20 µm; Figs 16–18, 1 µm.

Figs 19–22. Gomphonema longissimum, strain Ind394, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 19. Whole valve. Fig. 20. Head pole. Fig. 21. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 22. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 19, 20 µm; Figs 20–22, 1 µm.

Figs 19–22. Gomphonema longissimum, strain Ind394, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 19. Whole valve. Fig. 20. Head pole. Fig. 21. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 22. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 19, 20 µm; Figs 20–22, 1 µm.

Figs 23–26. Gomphonema longissimum, strain Ind394, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 23. Whole valve. Fig. 24. Head pole. Fig. 25. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 26. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 23, 20 µm; Figs 24–26, 1 µm.

Figs 23–26. Gomphonema longissimum, strain Ind394, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 23. Whole valve. Fig. 24. Head pole. Fig. 25. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 26. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 23, 20 µm; Figs 24–26, 1 µm.

Figs 27–32. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 27–32. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 33–36. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 33. Whole valve. Fig. 34. Head pole. Fig. 35. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 36. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 33, 20 µm; Figs 34–36, 1 µm.

Figs 33–36. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 33. Whole valve. Fig. 34. Head pole. Fig. 35. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 36. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 33, 20 µm; Figs 34–36, 1 µm.

Figs 37–40. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 37. Whole valve. Fig. 38. Head pole. Fig. 39. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 40. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 37, µm; Figs 38–40, µm.

Figs 37–40. Gomphonema subtiliforme, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 37. Whole valve. Fig. 38. Head pole. Fig. 39. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 40. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 37, 20 µm; Figs 38–40, 1 µm.

Figs 41–45. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 41–45. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, LM. Scale bar: 10 µm.

Figs 46–49. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 46. Whole valve. Fig. 47. Head pole. Fig. 48. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 49. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 46, 20 µm; Figs 47–49, 1 µm.

Figs 46–49. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, external views. Fig. 46. Whole valve. Fig. 47. Head pole. Fig. 48. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 49. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 46, 20 µm; Figs 47–49, 1 µm.

Figs 50–53. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 50. Whole valve. Fig. 51. Head pole. Fig. 52. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 53. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 50, 20 µm; Figs 51–53, 1 µm.

Figs 50–53. Gomphonema woltereckii, Lake Matano, Indonesia, SEM, internal views. Fig. 50. Whole valve. Fig. 51. Head pole. Fig. 52. Details of valve at centre. Fig. 53. Foot pole with pore field. Scale bars: Fig. 50, 20 µm; Figs 51–53, 1 µm.

Table 1. Morphometric comparison of Gomphonema longissimum and related taxa

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