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Articles

Evaluation of attract-and-kill strategy for management of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, in Malaysia cocoa plantation

ORCID Icon, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 155-162 | Received 11 Jul 2018, Accepted 29 Jan 2019, Published online: 23 Feb 2019
 

Abstract

In South-East Asia, cocoa production is dramatically affected by cocoa pod borer (CPB) infestations. As an alternative tool to chemical control, the efficacy of attract-and-kill strategy (CPB sex-pheromone as attractant and Delta trap without sticky liner sprayed with cypermethrin solution as killing station) was evaluated and compared with current standard CPB management approach as control treatment during two main cocoa harvest seasons in Malaysia (with 100 µg and 33.3 µg CPB-pheromone loading per station, respectively). In both seasons, attract-and-kill strategy was highly effective at reducing male flight activity (p < 0.05) in attract-and-kill plots comparing with standard CPB management plots. For the percentage of CPB-infested pods, the attract-and-kill strategy (100 µg) was as good as the conventional pesticide spray applications of cypermethrin (p = 0.083) in first season. However, it was significantly (p = 0.021) reduced in the second season with lower pheromone loading (33.3 µg), indicating that this semiochemical based strategy is far superior to and more feasible than the currently applied conventional synthetic pesticide treatment and is therefore a good alternative in CPB integrated pest management.

Acknowledgements

The authors like to thank Barry Callebaut AG for financing and facilitating the fieldwork of this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict interests were reported by the authors.

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