Enacting disability: how can science and technology studies inform disability studies?

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss how science and technology studies (STS) can inform disability studies and challenge dominant approaches, such as the medical and the social models, in the ordering and representation of disability. Disability studies and STS have followed somewhat parallel paths in the history of ideas. From a positivist approach to their research objects to a strong social constructivism, both disciplines have moved to postmodern conceptualisations of science, technology and disability. In the same manner, this paper brings the conceptual vocabulary of actor-network theory (ANT) to the field of disability studies. ANT enables the ordering of disability as a simultaneous biological, material and semiotic phenomenon. The focus of the analysis shifts from merely defining disability as an impairment, handicap, or social construction (epistemology) to how disability is experienced and enacted in everyday practices, in policy-making, in the body, and in the built environment (ontology). This adoption of an ontological approach to disability allows the analysis to not only discuss how disability is done, but also to follow how disability groups and carriers of disability expertise and experience intervene in policy-making by developing ‘research in the wild’ and confronting scientific experts in different fora (ontological politics).

Keywords:

• actor-network theory
• postmodernism
• body
• materiality
• social constructivism
• medical model
• social model
• research in the wild
• hybrid forums

Notes

1. Accordingly, I do not address politics performed within parliaments, political parties and professional politicians.

2. Central references for the ANT include: Callon (1986a, 1986b, 1991), Callon and Latour (1992), Callon and Law (1995), Latour (1983, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1996), Law (1992, 1997, 1999).

3. Moser explains that a subject position is not something one possess, occupies or is structured into, but rather a set of differently ordered positions one moves between fluidly (2006, 377).