Effect of partially replacing fish meal with honey locust seed (Gleditsia triacanthos) on growth, feed utilisation and body composition of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio, fingerlings

Figures & data

Table 1. Proximate composition (g/kg) and estimated gross energy (MJ/kg) contents of fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), maize flour (MF) and Honey locust seed (HLS) used in the experimental diets.

	Feedstuffs
Constituents	FM	SBM	MF	HLS (Raw)	HLS (heat-treated)
Dry matter	916.6	890.0	881.3	922.2	931.2
Crude protein	663.6	470.0	78.0	210.1	200.9
Crude fat	109.3	10.0	35.2	23.0	22.8
Crude ash	125.0	60.0	55.2	44.2	45.2
Crude fibre	5.0	60.0	26.2	89.0	86.3
Gross energy^a	20.3	17.5	16.21	16.36	16.73
Anti-nutritional factor
Condensed tannin	ND	2.6	0.7	3.7	2.3
Note: Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and gross energy content are expressed on a dry matter basis. ND, not determined.
^aGross energy was estimated using the following coefficients: 23.6 kJ/g for crude protein; 39.5 kJ/g for crude fat and 17.2 kJ/g for carbohydrates (NRC 1993).

Table 2. Ingredients and chemical compositions of the experimental diets (as fed).

	Diets
	Control	Rw1	Rw2	Rw3	Rw4	Ht1	Ht2	Ht3	Ht4
Ingredients (g/kg)
Fish meal	400	380	360	340	320	380	360	340	320
Soybean meal	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
HLS	0	100	200	300	400	100	200	300	400
Maize flour	367	284	202	122	42	284	202	122	42
Sunflower oil	72	75	77	77	77	75	77	77	77
DCP^a	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Vitamin–Minarals^b	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Methionine	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Limestone	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Salt	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Analysed proximate composition (g/kg)
Dry matter	922.3	918.4	920.2	919.3	918.3	921.3	919.5	918.5	917.6
Crude protein	380.2	380.6	381.2	382.2	382.6	379.2	379.5	380.3	379.6
Crude fat	131.6	131.7	130.9	128.1	125.4	130.9	131.3	128.9	127.3
Crude ash	65.2	62.5	66.2	64.5	63.4	62.1	64.8	63.2	61.3
Crude fibre	40.3	45.5	44.7	47.1	49.5	42.2	44.2	46.3	48.4
Gross energy MJ/kg^c	19.9	19.8	19.9	19.8	19.9	19.8	19.9	19.8	19.9
Anti-nutritional factor (g/kg)
Condensed tannin^3	0.6	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.8	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.4
Note: Diet Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400 g Raw HLS, respectively, Diet Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400g heat-treated HLS, respectively.
^aDi calcium Phosphate.
^bPer 5 kg vitamin-mineral premix: 20.000.000 IU vitamin A, 2.00.000 IU vitamin D3, 200.000 mg vitamin E, 12.000 mg vitamin K3, 20.000 mg vitamin B1, 30.000 mg vitamin B2, 200.000 mg niacin, 50.000 mg Ca-panthothenate, 20.000 mg vitamin B6, 50 mg vitamin B12, 500 mg D-biotin, 1.200 mg folic acid, 200.000 mg vitamin C and 300.000 mg inositol.1.200.000 mg cholin chloride, 40.000 mg manganese, 30.000 mg Zinc, 800 mg Copper, 1.000 mg iodine, 150 mg Selenium, 40.000 mg magnesium.
^cCalculated values.

Table 3. Growth parameters of mirror carp obtained in experiment (n=30).

	Diets
Parameters	Control	Rw1	Rw2	Rw3	Rw4	Ht1	Ht2	Ht3	Ht4
In W (g)	13.2^a±0.35	13.1^a±0.34	13.5^a±0.32	13.5^a±0.28	13.2^a±0.25	13.1^a±0.32	13.5^a±0.30	13.3^a±0.35	13.4^a±0.29
Fi W (g)	33.8^a±0.97	33.6^a±1.02	33.9^a±1.03	30.1^b±1.05	20.3^c±1.11	33.8^a±1.10	33.6^a±1.13	32.2^ab±1.09	29.5^b±0.73
BWG (g)	20.5^a±0.52	20.4^a±0.46	20.3^a±0.66	15.5^c±0.29	7.1^d±0.19	20.6^a±0.58	20.1^ab±0.58	18.9^b±0.47	16.1^c±0.47
FI (g)	35.0^a±0.05	34.3^a±0.49	33.9^ab±0.45	33.3^b±0.41	27.7^d±0.26	34.9^a±0.32	34.3^ab±0.20	33.6^b±0.46	31.9^c±0.42
FCR	1.7^a±0.15	1.6^a±0.08	1.6^a±0.07	1.9^a±0.11	4.0^b±0.22	1.7^a±0.18	1.7^a±0.10	1.7^a±0.09	2.0^a±0.1
SGR%	1.55^ab±0.1	1.56^ab±0.1	1.53^ab±0.1	1.33^ab±0.1	0.71^c±0.1	1.57^a±0.1	1.52^ab±0.1	1.47^ab±0.1	1.31^b±0.10
PER	1.61^ab±0.13	1.61^ab±0.08	1.57^ab±0.07	1.34^b±0.06	0.67^c±0.04	1.63^a±0.14	1.56^ab±0.09	1.5^ab±0.07	1.34^b±0.06
^a–cRow means with common superscript letters do not differ (P>0.05), Diet Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400 g raw HLS, respectively, Diet Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400 g heat-treated HLS, respectively. Control diet not containing HLS, In W: initial body weight (g), Fi W: final body weight, BWG: body weight gain, FCR: feed conversion ratio, FI: feed intake (g/fish), SGR: specific growth rate (%), PER: protein efficiency ratio.

Table 4. The whole body composition analyses (%) (on wet weight basis) of mirror carp fed test diets (n= 15).

	Diets
%	Initial	Cont.	Rw1	Rw2	Rw3	Rw4	Ht1	Ht2	Ht3	Ht4
DM	18.3±0.2	25.2^a±0.4	25.4^a±0.5	24.9^a ±0.3	24.8^a±0.3	24.7^a±0.3	25.5^a ±0.6	24.4^a±0.2	24.9^a±0.3	24.8^a±0.2
Protein	11.4±0.3	15.5^ab±0.3	16.0^ab±0.3	16.3^a±0.3	15.0^bc±0.3	14.6^c±0.4	15.8^ab ±0.4	15.9^ab±0.3	15.8^ab ±0.1	14.5^c±0.4
Fat	4.2±0.1	7.2^a±0.3	6.7^a±0.2	7.1^a±0.2	6.9^ab±0.2	4.8^c±0.2	7.0^a ±0.4	6.7^a±0.3	6.6^a ±0.2	5.7^b±0.2
Ash	2.2±0.1	2.6^a±0.2	2.5^a±0.1	2.4^a±0.2	2.5^a±0.2	2.4^a±0.3	2.4^a±0.1	2.4^a±0.1	2.5^a±0.2	2.4^a±0.1
^a–dRow means with common superscript letters do not differ (P>0.05), DM: dry matter, Diet Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400 g raw HLS respectively, Diet Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4 containing 100, 200, 300 and 400 g heat-treated HLS, respectively. Control diet not containing.