Immune responses to genestein in male broiler chicks

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and nutrient composition of basal diets during starter and grower periods.

Ingredients	Starter (1–21 day)	Grower (21–42 day)
Corn, yellow	54.68	62.25
Soybean meal	38.19	31.30
Sunflower oil	3.00	2.14
Dicalcium phosphate	1.85	1.36
Limestone	1.23	1.30
Common salt	0.40	0.30
Mineral premix^a	0.25	0.25
Vitamin premix^b	0.25	0.25
DL-methionine	0.15	0.05
Nutrient composition
ME (kcal kg^−1)	3000	3030
Crude protein (%)	21.57	18.94
Methionine (%)	0.49	0.36
Lysine (%)	1.18	1.01
Calcium (%)	0.94	0.85
Non-phytate P (%)	0.43	0.34
^aSupplied per kilogram of diet: vitamin A (retinal acetate), 15,000 IU; vitamin D3, 5,000 IU; vitamin E (dl-α-tocopheryl acetate), 80 mg; vitamin K, 5 mg; thiamin, 3 mg; riboflavin, 10 mg; pyridoxine, 5 mg; vitamin B12, 0.02 mg; niacin, 70 mg; folic acid, 2 mg; biotin, 0.4 mg; pantothenic acid, 20 mg.
^bSupplied per kilogram of diet: manganese, 80 mg; zinc, 75 mg; iron, 70 mg; copper, 10 mg; iodine, 2 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg.

Table 2. Effect of dietary genistein supplementation on antibody response to Newcastle (log2) and infectious bronchitis (log10) disease viruses.

		Infectious bronchitis		Newcastle
Treatments	Supplemental level (mg/kg of diet)	6 dpi	12 dpi	6 dpi	12 dpi
Control	0	3.043	3.508^b	2.93	3.73^abc
Zinc bacitracin	200	3.033	3.499^b	3.10	3.52^bc
Virginiamycin	200	3.058	3.514^b	3.37	3.06^d
Genistein	20	3.025	3.543^a	3.78	4.08^a
	40	3.040	3.544^a	3.20	3.84^ab
	80	3.057	3.501^b	3.29	3.81^ab
	160	3.067	3.495^b	2.93	3.37^dc
Probability
P value		0.8597	0.0001	0.0780	0.0001
SEM		0.0231	0.0066	0.2011	0.1235
Contrasts
Negative control vs. Gn		0.8525	0.0890	0.1111	0.7471
Positive controls vs. Gn		0.9192	0.0229	0.7118	0.0001
Note: ^abcde means with no common superscript within each column are significantly (p<0.05) different. dpi, days post-inoculation.

Table 3. Effect of dietary genistein concentration on blood leukocyte sub-population.

Treatments	Supplemental level (mg/kg of diet)	Heterophil (%)	Lymphocyte (%)	H/L^a
Control	0	24.7	69.25	0.356
Zinc bacitracin	200	25.0	70.0	0.356
Virginiamycin	200	25.7	70.25	0.364
Genistein	20	24.7	70.5	0.349
	40	24.5	70.75	0.345
	80	25.0	70.5	0.354
	160	24.0	71.25	0.336
Probability
P value		0.6727	0.6996	0.5483
SEM		0.6551	0.8600	0.0098
Contrasts
Negative control vs. Gn		0.8392	0.1154	0.3729
Positive controls vs. Gn		0.1571	0.6539	0.1100
Gn, Genistein.
^aHeterophil to lymphocyte ratio.