Conditions to test electric fence additions to cattle barb wire fence for goat containment

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of length of periods in Latin squares on shock and exit of yearling meat goat doelings in pens with barb wire and different electric fence strand treatments (Experiment 1; lsmeans).

			Variable^1
Fence treatment^2	Period length	Period	Number of shocks	Shock 1 (%)	Shock 2 (%)	Shock 1 (min)	Exit in 2 h (%)	Exit in 6 h (%)
4S-LV			0.26^b	20	9^b	18	8	8
2S-HV			0.15^a	13	1^a	63	2	4
2S-LV			0.14^a	13	0^a	27	2	4
1S-LH-LV			0.16^a	14	2^a	38	2	4
1S-HH-LV			0.17^a	16	3^a	44	4	10
1S-MH-HV			0.21^ab	16	2^a	1	13	17
SE			0.034	2.8	2.0	17.1	3.2	3.4
	7 days		0.18	15	17	33	6	10
	2–3 days		0.18	16	3	31	4	6
	SE		0.025	1.9	0.9	11.8	2.5	2.3
		1	0.63^c	54^c	8^a	17	21^b	27^c
		2	0.29^b	25^b	4^ab	28	8^a	10^b
		3	0.06^a	4^a	2^a	35	2^a	6^ab
		4	0.06^a	6^a	0^a	22	0^a	4^ab
		5	0.00^a	0^a	0^a	–	0^a	0^a
		6	0.04^a	4^a	0^a	36	0^a	0^a
		SE	0.044	4.3	2.0	15.6	3.2	3.4
^1 n=total number of individual animals; 72 for Number of shocks, Shock 1 (%), and Shock 2 (%) in a 2-h continuous observation period, Exit in 2 h (%) and Exit in 6 h (%); n=27 for Shock 1 (min); number of shocks is the average per animal; percentages relate to the total number of doelings.
^24S-LV, four strands of electric fence and low voltage; 2S-HV, two strands and high voltage; 2S-LV, two strands and low voltage; 1S-LH-LV, one strand, low height, and low voltage; 1S-HH-LV, one strand, high height, and low voltage; 1S-MH-HV, one strand, medium height, and high voltage.
^a,b,cMeans in a column within fence treatment, period length or period grouping without a common superscript letter differ (p<0.05).

Table 2. p-Values of effects of experimentation method and breed on exit and shock of growing meat goat doelings in pens with barb wire and different electric fence treatments (Experiment 2).

			Source of variation (p value)^d
Variable^a	Analysis^b	n ^c	FT	Prd	FT×Prd	Brd	FT×Brd	Met	Met×FT	Met×Brd
Exit in 1 h (%)	CRD	60	0.4362			0.4226	0.4362
	LS	100	0.0912	0.1740		0.3900	0.3748
	CRD-LS	160	0.0668			0.3304	0.4306	0.0001	0.6129	0.6518
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.4645	0.0323	0.4645	0.5753	0.7189
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.1141	0.0081	0.0722	0.0081	0.0722
Exit in 2 h (%)	CRD	60	0.4362			0.4226	0.4362
	LS	100	0.1266	0.1465		0.3169	0.7124
	CRD-LS	160	0.0962			0.2596	0.7595	0.0005	0.7523	0.6568
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.4269	0.3273	0.4269	0.3273	0.4269
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.1141	0.0081	0.0722	0.0081	0.0722
Exit in 1 h (min)	CRD	57	0.0173			0.2216	0.0044
	LS	66	0.5890	0.1468		0.1541	0.3900
	CRD-LS	123	0.7589			0.1337	0.4933	0.2680	0.4169	0.1686
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	100	0.2053	0.2804	0.3969	0.5096	0.0426
	Period 1&6-set 2^e	28
Number of shocks	CRD	60	0.0012			0.1290	0.0510
	LS	100	0.0001	0.1549		1.0000	0.0876
	CRD-L:S	160	0.0001			0.1342	0.0092	0.3423	0.6333	0.0662
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.0103	0.0691	0.5416	0.0257	0.0920
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.1405	0.0127	0.2955	0.5549	0.6513
Shock 1 (%)	CRD	60	0.0008			0.1705	0.1145
	LS	100	0.0001	0.5410		0.8276	0.0884
	CRD-LS	160	0.0001			0.3616	0.0174	0.6838	0.4880	0.1574
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.0162	0.3885	0.8463	0.0515	0.1996
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.2411	0.0192	0.4090	0.7210	0.7392
Shock 2 (%)	CRD	60	0.0571			0.1835	0.1249
	LS	100	0.1414	0.0083		0.5304	0.7568
	CRD-LS	160	0.0021			0.0814	0.0715	0.0028	0.1316	0.0922
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.2422	0.0122	0.2422	0.1168	0.3461
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.0804	0.0301	0.0804	0.3632	0.4857
Exit at shock (%)	CRD	60	0.0112			0.5286	0.2122
	LS	100	0.0001	0.0671		0.5216	0.1435
	CRD-LS	160	0.0001			0.9497	0.0211	0.8386	0.3659	0.2651
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.0714	0.3080	0.9145	0.1313	0.4711
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.4539	0.0580	0.6892	0.4513	0.4539
Exit, no shock (%)	CRD	60	0.0008			0.1705	0.1145
	LS	100	0.0001	0.3051		0.4050	0.7648
	CRD-LS	160	0.0001			0.1898	0.5295	0.0002	0.6308	0.4004
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.0075	0.3451	0.9343	0.0660	0.3182
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.0537	1.0000	0.0537	0.1019	0.1484
Exit, shock 1 (%)	CRD	60	0.1861			1.0000	0.4468
	LS	100	0.0004	0.02242		0.6387	0.1833
	CRD-LS	160	0.0011			0.7840	0.0371	0.2604	0.2540	0.6581
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.2927	0.7958	0.9909	0.4401	0.8919
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.7739	0.1565	0.7056	0.7524	0.6422
Exit, shock 2 (%)	CRD	60	0.3489			0.4665	0.5427
	LS	100	0.4241	0.4241		0.3739	0.4241
	CRD-LS	160	0.0573			0.5437	0.4213	0.0037	0.1707	0.1506
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	120	0.2422	0.0122	0.2422	0.1168	0.3461
	Period 1&6-set 2	40	0.4857	0.3632	0.4857	0.3632	0.4857
^aPercentages relate to the total number of doelings; Exit in 1 h (min) is the average time for exit during the 1-h continuous observation period.
^bCRD, completely randomised design with the three sets in period 1; LS, Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2; CRD-LS, comparison of the completely randomised design in period 1 with observations of set 2 in the 5×5 Latin square; Period 1&6-set 1&3, repeated measures analysis with sets 1 and 3 in periods 1 and 6; Period 1&6-set 2, repeated measures analysis with set 2 in periods 1 and 6.
^cTotal number of individual animals.
^dFT, fence treatment (2S-HV = two strands of electric fence and high voltage; 2S-LV = two strands and low voltage; 1S-LH-LV = one strand, low height, and low voltage; 1S-HH-LV = one strand, high height, and low voltage; 1S-MH-HV = one stand, medium height, and high voltage); Prd, period (period 1 = completely randomised design in period 1 with the three sets of 20 doelings; periods 1–5 = 5×5 Latin square with set 2; period 6 = repeat of period 1 following completion of the Latin square with set 2); Set, three sets of 20 doelings (sets 1 and 3 used in periods 1 and 6; set 2 used in all periods); Brd, breed (Boer and Spanish); Met, experimentation method or experimental design (CRD = completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS = Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2).
^eAnalysis stopped because of too many likelihood evaluations.

Table 3. Effects of experimentation method and genotype on exit of growing meat goat doelings from pens with barb wire and different and electric fence strand treatments (Experiment 2; lsmeans).

		Period^1		Breed^2		Fence treatment^3						Method^4
Variable^5	Analysis^6	1–6	Mean	B, S	Mean	2S-HV	2S-LV	1S-LH-LV	1S-HH-LV	1S-MH-HV	SE	CRD	LS	SE
Exit in 1 h (%)	CRD					92	92	92	100	100	6.5
	LS					75	70	40	70	75	13.0
	CRD-LS					91	82	60	90	80	10.2	95^b	66^a	8.7
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	1	100^b			81	88	81	100	100	9.8
		6	80^a
		SE	6.2
	Period 1&6-set 2	1	85^b	B	55^a	50	63	88	75	75	7.9
		6	55^a	S	85^b
		SE	5.0	SE	5.0
Exit in 2 h (%)	CRD					92	92	92	100	100	6.5
	LS					75	70	45	80	80	12.3
	CRD-LS					89	82	63	95	84	9.8	95^b	70^a	7.5
	Period 1&6-set 1&3					100	88	100	100	100	5.6
	Period 1&6-set 2	1	85b	B	55^a	50	63	88	75	75	7.9
		6	55a	S	85^b
		SE	5.0	SE	5.0
Exit in 1 h (min)	CRD			B		0.58	3.25	0.29	0.29	0.25	0.430
				S		0.46	0.25	1.04	0.29	0.25
	LS					0.50	1.39	1.22	3.24	2.23	1.383
	CRD-LS					0.40	1.47	0.61	1.59	1.45	0.881
	Period 1&6-set 1&3			B		0.62	1.63	0.23	0.28	0.25	0.333
				S		0.59	0.25	0.91	0.28	0.34
	Period 1&6-set 2^7
^1Period 1, completely randomised design with three sets of 20 doelings; periods 1–5, Latin square with set 2; period 6, repeat of period 1 following completion of the Latin square with set 2.
Three sets of 20 doelings; sets 1 and 3 used in periods 1 and 6; set 2 used in all periods.
^2B, Boer; S, Spanish.
^32S-HV, two strands of electric fence and high voltage; 2S-LV, two strands and low voltage; 1S-LH-LV, one strand, low height and low voltage; 1S-HH-LV, one stand, high height and low voltage; 1S-MH-HV, one strand, medium height and high voltage.
^4CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, 5×5 Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2.
^5Percentages relate to the total number of doelings; Exit in 1 h (min) is the average time for exit during the 1-h continuous observation period.
^6CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2; CRD-LS, comparison of the completely randomised design in period 1 with observations of set 2 in the 5×5 Latin square; Period 1&6-set 1&3, repeated measures analysis with sets 1 and 3 in periods 1 and 6; Period 1&6-set 2, repeated measures analysis with set 2 in periods 1 and 6.
^7Analysis stopped because of too many likelihood evaluations.
^a,b,cMain effect means without a common superscript letter differ (p<0.05).

Table 4. Effects of experimentation method and genotype on shocks of growing meat goat doelings in pens with barb wire and different electric fence strand treatments (Experiment 2; lsmeans).

		Period^1		Breed^2		Fence treatment^3						Method^4
Variable^5	Analysis^6	1–6	Mean	B, S	Mean	2S-HV	2S-LV	1S-LH-LV	1S-HH-LV	1S-MH-HV	SE	CRD	LS	SE
Number of shocks	CRD					0.75^b	0.83^b	0.75^b	0.00^a	0.25^a	0.179
	LS					0.80^c	0.75^c	0.45^b	0.05^a	0.15^a	0.103
	CRD-LS			B		0.89	1.09	0.43	0.08	0.28	0.125
				S		0.66	0.49	0.77	0.00	0.12
	Period 1&6-set 1&3			B	0.48^b	0.38^ab	0.63^c	0.50^b	0.00^a	0.25^ab	0.129
				S	0.23^a
				SE	0.092
	Period 1&6-set 2	1	0.65^b			0.75	0.50	0.38	0.00	0.13	0.177
		6	0.06^a
		SE	0.112
Shock 1 (%)	CRD					50^bc	58^c	58^c	0^a	25^ab	14.1
	LS					70^b	70^b	45^b	5^a	15^a	9.3
	CRD-LS			B		68	81	34	6	27	10.4
				S		53	47	70	0	12
	Period 1&6-set 1&3					31^b	50^b	38^b	0^a	25^ab	10.6
	Period 1&6-set 2	1	50^b			50	38	38	0	13	14.8
		6	5^a
		SE	9.4
Shock 2 (%)	CRD					25	25	17	0	0	7.5
	LS	1	15^b			10	5	0	0	0	3.5
		2	0^a
		3	0^a
		4	0^a
		5	0^a
		SE	3.5
	CRD-LS					17^b	15^b	9^ab	0^a	0^a	4.1	13^b	3^a	2.8
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	1	13^b			6	13	13	0	0	5.2
		6	0^a
		SE	3.3
	Period 1&6-set 2	1	15^b			25	13	0	0	0	5.6
		6	0^a
		SE	3.5
^1Period 1, completely randomised design with three sets of 20 doelings; periods 1–5, Latin square with set 2; period 6, repeat of period 1 following completion of the Latin square with set 2.
^2B, Boer; S, Spanish.
^32S-HV, two strands of electric fence and high voltage; 2S-LV, two strands and low voltage; 1S-LH-LV, one strand, low height and low voltage; 1S-HH-LV, one stand, high height and low voltage; 1S-MH-HV, one strand, medium height and high voltage.
^4CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, 5×5 Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2.
^5Percentages relate to the total number of doelings; Exit in 1 h (min) is the average time for exit during the 1-h continuous observation period.
^6CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2; CRD-LS, comparison of the completely randomised design in period 1 with observations of set 2 in the 5×5 Latin square; Period 1&6-set 1&3, repeated measures analysis with sets 1 and 3 in periods 1 and 6; Period 1&6-set 2, repeated measures analysis with set 2 in periods 1 and 6.
^a,b,cMain effect means without a common superscript letter differ (p < 0.05).

Table 5. Effects of experimentation method and genotype on shocks of growing meat goat doelings and exit from pens with barb wire and different electric fence strand treatments (Experiment 2; lsmeans).

		Period^1		Breed^2	Fence treatment^3						Method^4
Variable^5	Analysis^6	1–6	Mean	B, S	2S-HV	2S-LV	1S-LH-LV	1S-HH-LV	1S-MH-HV	SE	CRD	LS	SE
Exit at shock (%)	CRD				42^b	50^b	50^b	0^a	25^ab	13.4
	LS				65^b	55^b	25^a	0^a	15^a	9.9
	CRD-LS			B	57	61	15	0	26	11.7
				S	52	44	59	0	10
	Period 1&6-set 1&3				31	44	38	0	25	10.8
	Period 1&6-set 2				38	25	25	0	13	13.7
Exit, no shock (%)	CRD				50^ab	42^a	42^a	100^c	75^bc	14.1
	LS				10^a	15^a	15^a	70^b	60^b	10.6
	CRD-LS				33^a	29^a	26^a	86^b	65^b	8.7	62^b	34^a	6.0
	Period 1&6-set 1&3				50	44	44	100	75	12.8
	Period 1&6-set 2				13	38	63	75	63	11.2
Exit, shock 1 (%)	CRD				25	33	33	0	25	13.9
	LS				60^b	55^b	25^a	0^a	15^a	10.5
	CRD-LS			B	46	47	7	1	25	10.8
				S	40	41	51	1	13
	Period 1&6-set 1&3				25	31	25	0	25	10.7
	Period 1&6-set 2				25	25	25	0	13	16.8
Exit, shock 2 (%)	CRD				17	17	17	0	0	8.3
	LS				5	0	0	0	0	2.2
	CRD-LS				11	8	8	0	0	3.5
	Period 1&6-set 1&3	1	13^b		6	13	13	0	0	5.2
		6	0^a
		SE	3.3
	Period 1&6-set 2				13	0	0	0	0	5.6
^1Period 1, completely randomised design with three sets of 20 doelings; periods 1–5, Latin square with set 2; period 6, repeat of period 1 following completion of the Latin square with set 2.
^2B, Boer; S, Spanish.
^32S-HV, two strands of electric fence and high voltage; 2S-LV, two strands and low voltage; 1S-LH-LV, one strand, low height and low voltage; 1S-HH-LV, one strand, high height and low voltage; 1S-MH-HV, one strand, medium height and high voltage.
^4CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, 5×5 Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2.
^5Percentages relate to the total number of doelings.
^6CRD, completely randomised design with the three sets of doelings in period 1; LS, Latin square in periods 1–5 with set 2; CRD-LS, comparison of the completely randomised design in period 1 with observations of set 2 in the 5×5 Latin square; Period 1&6-set 1&3, repeated measures analysis with sets 1 and 3 used in periods 1 and 6; Period 1&6-set 2, repeated measures analysis with set 2 in periods 1 and 6.
^a,b,cMain effect means without a common superscript letter differ (p<0.05).