Comparative study of growth performance, egg production, egg characteristics and haemato-biochemical parameters of Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red chicken

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and nutrients (%) composition of diets fed to Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red during different phases of growth.

Item	Week 1–8	Week 9–20	Week 21–30	Week 31–45	Week 46–72
Corn	35.60	42.00	49.65	52.00	54.00
Rice	23.00	12.00	9.00	10.00	10.90
Rice polish	10.00	9.48	6.00	6.34	6.00
Soyabean meal	10.00	16.00	15.00	13.00	12.00
Canola meal	8.00	6.40	5.00	4.00	4.00
Corn gluten meal (60%)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	4.00
Fish meal	5.00	5.00	5.00	4.00	3.00
Lime stone	1.50	2.00	2.50	3.00	3.00
DCP	1.25	1.50	2.00	2.00	2.50
NaCl	0.33	0.27	0.25	0.30	0.25
Premix^a	0.25	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
DL-Methionine	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated nutrients
ME Kcal/kg	2800	2800	2800	2800	2800
CP	18.5	17	17.5	16.5	16
CF	3.80	4.30	4.55	4.90	5.00
EE	3.31	3.30	3.44	3.50	3.35
Ca	1.0	2.5	4.10	4.20	4.30
Available P	0.56	0.51	0.52	0.55	0.54
Lysine	1.00	0.69	0.75	0.85	0.90
Methionine	0.43	0.31	0.35	0.40	0.42
^aSupplied per kg of diet: vit. A, 12,000 IU; vit. D3, 2200 IU; vit. E, 10 mg; vit. K3, 2 mg; vit.B1, 1 mg; vit.B2, 5 mg; vit. B6, 1.5 mg; vit. B12, 0.01 mg; Nicotinic acid, 30 mg; Folic acid, 1 mg; Pantothenic acid, 10 mg; Biotin, 0.05 mg; Choline chloride, 500 mg; Copper, 10 mg; Iron, 30 mg; Manganese, 60 mg; Zinc, 50 mg; Iodine, 1 mg; Selenium, 0.1 mg; Cobalt, 0.1 mg.

Table 2. Comparative growth performance and meat composition of Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds during brooding and growing periods.

		Breeds
Parameters	Age (weeks)	Desi	Fayoumi	RIR	p-Value
Day-old weight (g/bird)	–	25.9	20.90	31.30	–
Body weight (g)	0–8	400.62	385.00	514.60	–
	9–20	779.74	781.66	1125.40	–
	0–20	1180.63	1166.60	1640.00	–
Body weight gain (g/bird)	0–8	374.72±2.93^b	364.10±4.24^b	483.30±4.30^a	0.000
	9–20	405.02±5.04^b	417.56±5.69^b	642.10±3.08^a	0.000
	0–20	1155.63±3.33^b	1145.70±3.59^b	1608.00±4.36^a	0.000
Av. feed intake (g/bird)	0–8	3005±13.22^b	2210±10.41^c	3320±7.64^a	0.000
	9–20	4094±6.50^b	2740±10.40^c	4440±7.63^a	0.000
	0–20	7437±246.64^b	6720±116.66^c	7620±300.45^a	0.003
Feed conversion	0–8	7.50±0.35^a	05.75±0.14^b	06.45±0.17^ab	0.013
	9–20	5.25±0.15^a	03.50±0.14^b	03.95±0.29^b	0.003
	0–20	6.30±0.66^a	5.76±0.144^ab	4.64±0.36^b	0.028
Mortality (%)	0–8	3.00±0.07^c	07.00±1.04^b	12.00±0.29^a	0.000
	9–20	2.00±0.13^c	04.00±0.22^b	06.00±0.29^a	0.000
	0–20	4.000±.07^c	12.00±0.28^b	20.00±0.28^a	0.000
Meat composition (%)
Breast
Dry matter		26.10±03.60	26.83±00.99	27.30±0.20	0.155
Crude protein		82.68±02.00	84.10±02.10	83.60±02.25	0.168
Crude fat		06.90±02.80	06.55±03.00	06.75±00.22	0.175
Total ash		04.50±00.36	04.21±00.30	04.25±00.45	0.189
Thigh
Dry matter		25.00±0.88	28.36±1.90	29.32±4.00	0.175
Crude protein		67.65±01.85	67.35±02.20	67.42±02.50	0.188
Crude fat		17.60±00.24	17.89±02.90	17.69±02.40	0.190
Total ash		04.75±0.30	05.00±00.75	05.00±00.71	0.187
^a–cMeans with different letters in a row differ significantly (p≤0.05).

Figure 1.  Weekly body weight changes of Desi, Fayoumi and RIR.

Table 3. Comparative performance of Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds during production phase.

Parameters	Breeds
	Desi	Fayoumi	RIR	p-Value
Age at first egg (days)	204±1.53^a	135±3.51^c	147±1.15^b	0.005
Av. number of eggs/hen	60±0.51	123±2.05	141±2.00
Egg production (%)	29±1.00^c	36±1.53^b	41±1.52^a	0.002
Feed intake (g)	112±2.08^b	106±2.51^c	117±2.00^a	0.003
Feed efficiency (g feed: g egg mass)	8.70±0.20^a	6.79±0.25^b	5.02±0.26^c	0.09
Egg weight (g)	44.41±0.88^b	43.34±0.69^b	56.82±0.54^a	0.06
Egg mass (g/day/bird)*	12.88±0.48^b	15.60±0.44^b	23.30±0.20^a	0.09
Yolk weight (g)	16±0.577^b	14±0.577^c	20±0.288^a	0.004
Albumen weight (g)	22±0.577^b	22±0.570^b	32±1.15^a	0.089
Yolk + albumen weight (g)	39±1.26^b	32±0.557^c	51±0.557^a	0.005
Albumen height (cm)	0.50±0.104^b	0.60±0.06^ab	0.90±0.07^a	0.034
Shell thickness (mm)	0.33±0.057	0.25±0.125	0.29±0.132	0.818
Yolk thickness (cm)	1.40±0.175	1.40±0.175	1.60±0.076	0.682
*Egg mass=(egg production×egg weight)/100.
^a–cMeans with different letters in a row differ significantly (p≤0.05).

Table 4. Mean values of serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, calcium, protein and alkaline phosphatase in Desi, Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) at 20 weeks of age.

	Breeds
Parameters	Desi	Fayoumi	RIR	Reference*	p-Value
Glucose (mg/dL)	221.80±8.90	222.40±10.00	212.550±15.00	197–299	0.610
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	528.00±74.78	539.90±90.50	541.10±86.60	-	0.650
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	138.75±14.40	137.20±5.54	129.65±40.03	129–297	0.850
Calcium (mg/dL)	10.10±0.3	10.18 ±0.69	10.30±0.5	8.1–12	0.560
Protein (mg/dL)	05.23±0.32	04.98±0.16	05.10±0.40	3–4.9	0.510
Uric acid (mg/dL)	04.75±0.35	4.65±0.45	04.36±0.40	1.9–12.5	0.650
ALP (u/L)	1050.52 ±94.95	1061.01±84.89	1059.15 ±88.38	10–106	0.880
*Reference values of Clinical Diagnostic Division (1990).

Table 5. Haematological parameters in breeds of Fayoumi, Desi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breed at different ages.

		Age (weeks)
Parameter	Breed	4	12	24	36	48
TEC (Erythrocyte number) (106/mm^3)	Desi	1.70±0.04	1.74±0.02	2.43±0.12	2.69±0.08	2.98±0.21
	Fayoumi	2.55±0.06	3.18±0.05	3.33±0.03	3.39±0.04	3.46±0.03
	RIR	1.76±0.27	1.93±0.09	2.58±0.13	2.89±0.08	3.05±0.09
Hb concentration (g%)	Desi	7.73±0.14	7.76±0.12	8.57±0.04	9.19±0.33	9.37±0.24
	Fayoumi	7.06±0.6	7.68±0.12	7.90±0.06	7.93±0.07	7.94±0.22
	RIR	8.23±0.17	8.34±0.08	9.14±0.08	9.42±0.16	9.54±0.05
PCV (%)	Desi	27.73±1.21	28.36±0.56	31.25±0.77	31.86±1.47	34.60±0.64
	Fayoumi	26.56±0.66	27.38±0.46	28.05±0.63	29.00±0.81	30.08±0.41
	RIR	28.12±0.64	29.05±0.60	29.20±1.36	31.35±1.18	32.25±1.03
ESR in mm in first hour	Desi	1.00±0.00	0.70±0.00	0.25±0.00	0.10±0.00	0.00±0.00
	Fayoumi	3.17±0.18	2.44±0.11	2.06±0.11	1.54±0.17	1.32±0.22
	RIR	3.50±0.12	3.00±0.42	2.75±0.26	2.53±0.00	2.20±0.00
MCV (cubic micron)	Desi	163.56±8.21	163.28±3.64	128.76±6.88	118.47±6.27	116.66±7.57
	Fayoumi	103.99±2.74	86.18±1.64	84.27±1.94	85.57±2.60	86.99±1.48
	RIR	164.55±35.95	150.78±8.64	113.26±7.53	108.75±5.26	105.88±4.35
MCH (microgram or picogram)	Desi	45.59±0.65	44.66±0.61	35.30±1.94	34.16±1.89	31.57±1.82
	Fayoumi	27.72±0.74	24.19±0.59	23.74±0.29	23.40±0.33	22.97±0.67
	RIR	48.14±10.36	43.30±2.20	35.46±1.91	32.66±0.72	31.33±1.06
MCHC (%)	Desi	27.93±1.31	27.36±0.78	27.43±0.72	28.88±1.67	27.08±0.89
	Fayoumi	26.61±0.74	28.07±0.67	28.19±0.74	27.37±0.85	26.40±0.81
	RIR	29.29±1.00	28.75±0.64	31.36±1.44	30.08±1.25	29.61±0.93
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; MCHC, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations; MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; PCV, packed cell volume; TEC, total erythrocyte counter.