Use of global positioning system collars to monitor spatial-temporal movements of co-grazing goats and sheep and their common guardian dog

Figures & data

Table 1. Fix type (raw,%) by species within year.

		Species
Year	Fix type	Goat	Sheep	Dog
2002	2D	7.9	3.1	2.9
	3D	16.5	14.3	4.7
	Failed	2.1	0.2	1.2
2003	2D	6.6	4.6	2.3
	3D	14.6	9.5	4.7
	Failed	2.4	1.6	0.8

Table 2. Average minimum total distance (m) travelled.

	2002			2003
Time period	Dog	Goat	Sheep	Dog	Goat	Sheep
24 h	718^d±88.2	1277^e±50.9	1298^e±62.4	1349^e±93.9	1334^e±54.2	1280^e±66.4
Day (06:30–21:00 hours)	510^b±56.8	1089^c±32.8	1002^c±40.2	1103^c±60.5	1095^c±34.9	1015^c±42.8
Night (21:30–6:00 hours)	209^a±56.8	188^a±32.8	295^a±40.2	245^a±60.5	240^a±34.9	265^a±42.8
Note: Means with a common superscript do not differ (p>0.05).

Figure 1.  Lsmeans and standard errors for minimum distance travelled between consecutive 30-min fixes for the guardian dog by fix time.

Figure 2.  Lsmeans and standard errors for minimum distance travelled between consecutive 30-min fixes for goats by fix time.

Figure 3.  Lsmeans and standard errors for minimum distance travelled between consecutive 30-min fixes for sheep by fix time.

Table 3. Average distance travelled (m) in 30 min by year, species and time.

	2002			2003
Time period	Dog	Goat	Sheep	Dog	Goat	Sheep
Day (06:30–21:00 hours)	27.2^b±2.00	47.8^de±1.07	39.5^c±1.25	49.3^e±1.96	46.8^de±1.11	44.2^d±1.37
Night (21:30–6:00 hours)	15.1^a±2.30	12.8^a±1.29	17.0^a±1.47	15.6^a±2.30	15.9^a±1.35	17.0^a±1.63
Note: Means with a common superscript do not differ (p>0.05).

Figure 4.  Lsmeans and standard errors for distance between guardian dog and the average of the three collared goats at the same fix time.

Figure 5.  Lsmeans and standard errors for distance between guardian dog and the average of the two collared sheep at the same fix time.

Figure 6.  Lsmeans and standard errors for distance between the three collared goats at the same fix time.

Figure 7.  Lsmeans and standard errors for distance between the two collared sheep at the same fix time.

Figure 8.  Lsmeans and standard errors for distance between the average of the three collared goats and the average of the two collared sheep at the same fix time.

Table 4. Average distance (m) between species at same fix time during day and night.

Item	Dog–goat	Dog–sheep	Goat–goat	Goat–sheep	Sheep–sheep
2002
Day (06:30–21:00 hours)	64.0^i±1.15	93.7^l±1.34	13.3^bc±1.04	67.4^j±0.70	28.4^f±1.63
Night (21:30–6:00 hours)	14.2^c±1.37	90.7^kl±1.57	9.3^ab±1.32	88.5^k±0.88	13.6^bc±1.96
2003
Day (06:30–21:00 hours)	22.2^d±1.12	58.0^h±1.40	10.2^ab±1.09	58.5^h±0.78	35.1^g±1.92
Night (21:30–6:00 hours)	10.9^bc±1.35	27.0^ef±1.64	7.1^a±1.36	24.7^de±0.96	17.7^cd±2.32
Note: Means with a common superscript do not differ (p>0.05).

Table 5. Turning angle direction by species (number; percentages shown in parentheses).

	Turning angle direction
Species	Backward (315–45°)	Forward (135–225°)	Left (225–315°)	Right (45–135°)
Dog	66 (8.8)	389 (52.0)	147 (19.7)	146 (19.5)
Goat	253 (9.4)	1262 (46.8)	591 (21.9)	590 (21.9)
Sheep	155 (7.1)	1057 (48.6)	483 (22.3)	480 (22.1)

Figure 9.  Preferred locations of the three species during the day of 2002.

Figure 10.  Preferred locations of the three species during the night of 2002.

Figure 11.  Preferred locations of the three species during the day of 2003.

Figure 12.  Preferred locations of the three species during the night of 2003.