Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and nutrient composition of the basal diet (dry matter basis).

Ingredients	%	Nutrients	%
Rice straw	11.50	Organic matter	86.80
Sorghum distiller's grains	28.50	Crude protein	14.42
Corn grain	48.10	Ether extract	5.34
Rapeseed meal	8.49	Neutral detergent fiber	38.01
Salt	0.30	Acid detergent fiber	22.54
Sodium bicarbonate	0.78	Crude ash	7.44
Limestone	2.05	Calcium	0.68
Premix^a	0.28	Total phosphorus	0.24

^a Premix provided the following per kg diet: Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 70 mg, Cu (as copper sulfate) 100 mg, Zn (as zinc sulfate) 60 mg, Mn (as sulfate) 20 mg, Co (as chloride) 0.1 mg, I (as iodate) 0.5 mg, Se (as selenite) 0.10 mg, Vitamin A 400 IU, Vitamin D₃ 500 IU, Vitamin E 40 IU, riboflavin 6.2 mg, nicotinic acid 22 mg, D-pantothenic acid 22 mg, Vitamin B₁₂ 0.02 mg, biotin 0.15 mg and choline 0.92 mg.

Figure 1. Effects of Gln and MOS supplementation on plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in finishing steers.
Note: Data without a common small letter differ significantly (P < 0.05). Control – basal diet; Gln – basal diet with 1% glutamine; MOS – basal diet with 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides.

Figure 2. Effects of Gln and MOS supplementation on fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in finishing steers.

Note: Data without a common small letter differ significantly (P < 0.05). Control – basal diet; Gln – basal diet with 1% glutamine; MOS – basal diet with 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides.

Table 2. Effects of Gln and MOS supplementation on plasma acute phase protein concentrations in finishing steers.

	Dietary treatments
Item	Control	Gln	MOS	P-value
Hp (ng/ml)	912.78±275.90^a	494.26±343.68^ab	39.72±11.23^b	0.039
LBP (µmol/L)	233.56±83.85^A	706.39±163.21^B	124.26±25.37^A	0.002
SAA (µg/ml)	32.15±2.27^a	22.94±14.17^a	4.54±1.48^b	0.042
CRP (mg/L)	35.00±2.11^a	34.27±5.16^a	17.28±4.57^b	0.017

Note: Lower-case superscript letters denote that the mean values within the same row without a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05). Upper-case superscript letters denote the mean values within the same row with different superscript differ highly significantly (P < 0.01).

Hp – haptoglobin; LBP – LPS-binding protein; SAA – serum amyloid A; CRP – C-reactive protein; Control – basal diet; Gln – basal diet with 1% glutamine; MOS – basal diet with 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides.

Table 3. Effects of Gln and MOS supplementation on apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing steers (%).

	Dietary treatments
Item	Control	Gln	MOS	P-value
DM	64.74±2.77	64.64±3.52	64.22±3.44	0.993
OM	68.10±2.51	68.50±3.12	67.96±3.12	0.991
CP	49.59±3.85	47.86±5.22	50.65±4.48	0.909
EE	51.27±2.90	59.66±4.52	51.46±3.59	0.303
NDF	68.61±2.58	65.35±3.88	71.88±2.97	0.374
ADF	49.37±5.05	41.63±6.49	49.72±4.75	0.514
ADL	36.93±3.73	36.45±9.85	36.31±4.82	0.997
Ash	30.07±5.32	26.41±6.23	31.63±1.91	0.773
Ca	37.06±5.07	40.31±3.10	47.94±8.81	0.460
TP	35.82±8.49	34.60±9.94	41.43±4.10	0.802

DM – dry matter; OM – organic matter; CP – crude protein; EE – ether extract; NDF – neutral detergent fiber; ADF – acid detergent fiber; ADL – acid detergent lignin; Ash – crude ash; Ca – calcium; TP – total phosphorus; Control – basal diet; Gln – basal diet with 1% glutamine; MOS – basal diet with 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides.