Evaluation of the effect of piroxicam and ascorbic acid combination on live weight and rectal temperature of savannah brown goats during post-operative pain management

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental grouping of animals.

Group	Treatment protocol
A	Piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM)
B	Piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM)
C	Piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM)
D	Piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM)
E	AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM)
F (control)	Penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin 10 mg/kg (IM)

Group A – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group B – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group C – Animals administered with piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group D – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group E – Animals administered with AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group F (control) – Animals administered with penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Table 2. Body weight of goats (kg) administered with different concentrations of piroxicam, AA and streptomycin/penicillin (n = 3; Mean ± SEM).

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Group E	Group F
Baseline	7.5 ± 1.0	8.2 ± 0.9	9.5 ± 1.3	8.3 ± 0.7	8.3 ± 1.9	9.8 ± 1.1
Immediately after surgery	7.3 ± 0.93	7.8 ± 0.88	9.5 ± 1.0	8.0 ± 0.76	8.0 ± 1.9	9.3 ± 0.83
3 hours post-surgery	7.2 ± 0.88	8.2 ± 0.93	9.5 ± 1.3	8.0 ± 0.76	8.0 ± 1.6	9.2 ± 0.93
Day 1	7.7 ± 0.83	7.8 ± 1.2	9.5 ± 1.3	8.0 ± 1.0	8.5 ± 1.7	8.5 ± 0.76
Day 2	7.7 ± 0.88	8.2 ± 0.73	9.3 ± 1.2	8.0 ± 0.58	8.2 ± 1.6	8.2 ± 0.93
Day 3	7.5 ± 0.76	8.3 ± 0.88	9.0 ± 1.5	8.3 ± 0.67	8.3 ± 1.6	8.7 ± 1.2
Day 4	7.2 ± 0.73	8.2 ± 1.0	9.5 ± 1.3	8.3 ± 0.67	8.2 ± 1.5	8.3 ± 0.83
Day 5	7.7 ± 0.83	8.3 ± 0.88	9.5 ± 1.3	8.2 ± 0.60	8.5 ± 1.6	8.8 ± 1.1

Group A – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group B – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group C – Animals administered with piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group D – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group E – Animals administered with AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group F (control) – Animals administered with penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Table 3. Percentage LW changes in goats (%) administered with piroxicam, AA and streptomycin/penicillin (n = 3; Mean ± SEM).

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Group E	Group F
Immediately after surgery	−2.7	−4.9	0	−3.6	−3.6	−5.1
3 hours post-surgery	−4	0	0	−3.6	−3.6	−6.1
Day 1	2.7	−4.9	0	−3.6	2.4	−13.3
Day 2	2.7	0	−2.1	−3.6	−1.2	−16.3
Day 3	0	1.2	−5.3	0	0	−11.2
Day 4	−4	0	0	0	−1.2	−15.3
Day 5	2.7+	1.2	0	−1.2	2.4	−10.2

Group A – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group B – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/ kg (IM).

Group C – Animals administered with piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group D – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group E – Animals administered with AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group F (control) – Animals administered with penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

–, loss.

Table 4. RT responses of goats (°C) administered with different concentrations of piroxicam, AA and streptomycin/penicillin combination (Mean ± SEM, n = 3).

(°C)	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Group E	Group F
Baseline	38 ± 0.52	39 ± 0.15	39 ± 0.20	39 ± 0.44	39 ± 0.50	39 ± 0.26
Immediately after surgery	38 ± 0.52	39 ± 0.15	39 ± 0.20	39 ± 0.44	39 ± 0.50	39 ± 0.26
3 hours after surgery	38 ± 0.56	39 ± 0.15	38 ± 1.2	38 ± 1.1	38 ± 1.1	40 ± 0.58
Day 1	38 ± 0.35	39 ± 0.33	39 ± 0.03	38 ± 0.61	39 ± 0.50	39 ± 0.27
Day 2	39 ± 0.42	38 ± 0.52	39 ± 0.06	38 ± 0.68	39 ± 0.49	40 ± 0.15
Day 3	38 ± 0.38	38 ± 0.72	39 ± 0.17	38 ± 1.1	39 ± 0.59	39 ± 0.15
Day 4	39 ± 0.38	39 ± 0.29	39 ± 0.25	38 ± 0.85	39 ± 0.27	40 ± 0.08
Day 5	38 ± 0.31	38 ± 0.08	38 ± 0.20	38 ± 1.1	39 ± 0.47	39 ± 0.17

Group A – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group B – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin 10 mg/ kg (IM).

Group C – Animals administered with piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group D – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group E – Animals administered with AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group F (control) – Animals administered with penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Table 5. Baseline and post-surgical RT responses of goats administered with different concentrations of piroxicam, AA and streptomycin/penicillin combination (Mean ± SEM, n = 3).

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Group E	Group F
Baseline temperature (C)	38.3 ± 0.52	39.1 ± 0.15	38.5 ± 0.20	38.7 ± 0.44	39.0 ± 0.50	39.2 ± 0.26
Post-surgical temperature (C)	38.3 ± 0.15^a	38.6 ± 0.14^a	38.4 ± 0.18^a	38 ± 0.29^ab	38.8 ± 0.21^b	39.4 ± 0.07^a

^abMeans with same superscript letters are significantly (P < 0.05) different.

Group A – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group B – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 200 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group C – Animals administered with piroxicam at 10 mg/kg (IM) and AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group D – Animals administered with piroxicam at 5 mg/kg (IM) and penicillin 20,000 IU/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group E – Animals administered with AA at 100 mg/kg (IV), penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).

Group F (control) – Animals administered with penicillin 20,000 I.U/kg and streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM).