Analysis of the energy efficiency of poultry houses in the Bursa region of Turkey

Figures & data

Table 1. Energy equivalents of inputs and outputs in poultry farms.

Inputs	Unit	Energy equivalent (MJ)	Reference
Inputs
Chick	kg	10.33	Heidari et al. (2011b)
Human labour	h	2.2	Fluck (1992)
Machinery	kg	64.8	Chauhan et al. (2006)
Diesel fuel	L	47.8	Kitani (1999)
Feed	kg	12.98	Anonymous (2014)
Electricity	kWh	5.65	Uzal (2012)
Water	L	2.63	Atilgan and Koknaroglu (2006)
Outputs
Bird	kg	10.33	Celik (2003)
Egg	g	0.327	Anonymous (2002)
Manure	kg	8.83	Bock (1999)

Table 2. Some descriptive statistics for production parameters at the surveyed poultry farms.

		Number of birds	Land (da)	Feed cons. (tons year^−1)	Electricity (kWh year^−1)	Water cons. (m^3 year^−1)	Manure (kg year^−1)
Broiler farms (n = 24)	Avg	67,146	156.1	814.3	26,695.4	1752	37,041.9
	Min	5500	1.5	100	800	365	100
	Max	300,000	4000	4500	156,000	9125	240,000
Layer farms (n = 44)	Avg	22,742	14.4	965.5	14,842.7	4.5	74,108.6
	Min	3500	0.6	128.0	1680.0	0.5	1667.0
	Max	163,000	155	10,000	123,212	32	600,000

Table 3. Annual average energy consumption (inputs) at the surveyed poultry farms.

	Broiler farms			Laying hen farms
	MJ(1000 birds^−1)	MJ ha^−1	%	MJ (1000 birds^−1)	MJ ha^−1	%
DE input
Chick	532	1225	0.12	500	24,022	0.089
Human labour	872	39,524	0.2	1568	62,979	0.278
Diesel	1213	55,017	0.28	3493	140,265	0.62
Electricity	3547	164,230	0.81	3691	132,112	0.655
Total	6164	259,995	1.41	9252	359,378	1.642
IDE input
Machinery	279	26,826,237	0.06	337	279,615	0.06
Feed	309,150	16,975	70.49	444,343	20,367	78.86
Water	122,975	283,082	28.04	109,549	24,839	19.44
Total	432,404	27,126,295	98.59	554,229	324,821	98.36
Total	438,568	27,386,290	100	572,733	1,043,577	100

Figure 1. Distribution of energy inputs for the surveyed poultry houses.

Figure 2. DE, IDE, RE and NRE in total energy inputs.

Table 4. Annual average energy outputs at the surveyed poultry farms.

	Broiler farms		Laying hen farms
Energy outputs	MJ(1000 birds^−1)	%	MJ(1000 birds^−1)	%
Meat	182,620	13.75	19,495	5.07
Manure	1,145,676	86.25	257,285	66.88
Egg	–	–	107,910	28.05
Total	250,401	100.00	384,690	100.00

Table 5. Analysis of energy efficiency at the surveyed poultry farms.

Parameters	Unit	Broiler farms	Laying hen farms
EUE		0.94	0.68
EP	kg MJ^−1	0.30	0.59
Specific energy	MJ kg^−1	3.34	1.71
Net energy	MJ(1000 bird)^−1	−25,042	−188,044
Total energy input	MJ(1000 bird)^−1	438,568	572,733
Total energy output	MJ(1000 bird)^−1	413,526	384,689

Table 6. Significance of differences between broiler and layer farm energy usage.

	Difference MJ (1000 bird)^−1	P	R^2 of ANOVA
Chick	32	0.000*	0.88
Human labour	696	0.008*	0.09
Machinery	58	0.000*	0.89
Diesel	2280	0.0001*	0.21
Feed	135,193	0.001*	0.14
Electricity	144	0.93	0.00
Water	13,426	0.0000*	0.90
Meat	163,125	0.0001*	0.99
Manure	26,379	0.0005*	0.16

*P < 0.01.

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